The invention discloses a light compound substrate special for roof greening and a preparation method and using method thereof. The compound substrate is mainly composed of, by volume, 20%-30% of coconut residues, 20%-25% of wheat straw, 12%-20% of corn stalks, 10%-15% of withered branches and leaves, 10%-15% of vermiculite, 5%-15% of ash residues and 3%-10% of river sand. According to the light compound substrate special for roof greening, the mass is small, the light requirement is met, and the roof load is reduced; the higher fertilizer efficiency is achieved, and the physical and chemical properties are suitable for growth of plants; the raw materials mostly come from waste of vegetation carpets, agricultural production and landscaping, the cost is low, and the light compound substrate is a novel compound substrate material suitable for a roof greening engineering project; compared with common bulk substrates, the transportation cost is greatly lowered after the compound substrate is prepared into compressed blocks; use is convenient, the light compound substrate is directly used after being foamed with water without adding other fertilizer, the application range is wide, and the light compound substrate is suitable for usage and popularization.