The invention relates to a drying treatment system of slurry. The drying treatment system is characterized by comprising a slurry raw material storing warehouse, a scraper conveying machine, a prepared material cabin, a slurry drying machine, a coal dust gas dusting machine, a gas recycling device and a finished product storing warehouse. If a chain wheel of the scraper conveying machine in the treatment system needs to be replaced, users only need to detach a plurality of bolts instead of detaching a coupler, a bearing base, an end cover and a bearing, so that the chain wheel can be replaced, the replacing procedures are greatly reduced, and the replacing efficiency is greatly improved. The drying treatment system has the advantages of being low in energy consumption, low in noise, strong in structural stability, high in processing efficiency, low in device cost, strong in device adaptation, free of blocking, less in production failure, low in manufacture cost, and capable of saving resources.