The invention relates to a hollow fiber anion exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof, and is characterized in that bromide polyphenylether is dissolved in organic solvent to obtain spinning solution the polymer mass concentration of which is 20 to 60 percent; then a dry-jet wet spinning is adopted for molding to obtain a bromide polyphenylether hollow fiber inophragma, wherein, the methyl bromide degree is 60 to 120 percent, and the benzene ring bromide degree is 0 to 20 percent; then the inophragma is pretreated and aminated to obtain the hollow fiber anion exchange membrane, wherein, the anion exchange capacity is 1.5 to 2.5mmol/g-dry membrane, and the water capacity is 50 percent to 90 percent. The preparation method has the advantages of simpleness, convenience, rapidity and economy, and obtains a homogeneous phase hollow fiber anion exchange membrane with different exchange capacity and stable performance through the control on the bromide polyphenylether structure, the spinning conditions, etc.; the hollow fiber anion exchange membrane has the characteristics of uniform structure, high ion exchange capacity, and strong pollution resistibility, and can be series-developed to meet the needs of different application fields.