The invention belongs to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and particularly relates to a battery top cover assembly structure. The battery top cover assembly structure comprises a first pole, a second pole and a top cover sheet, the first pole is provided with a first welding ring, the second pole is provided with a second welding ring, the top portion of the first pole is encapsulatedwith a first plastic piece matched with the first welding ring, the top portion of the second pole is encapsulated with a second plastic piece matched with the second welding ring, the first pole andthe second pole pass through the seal ring and are installed at the top cover sheet. By arranging an encapsulating structure of the top cover aluminum ring and the poles, the problem of generation ofa metal wire is solved, the safety of the battery is improved, the overcurrent capacity of the poles is ensured, and the production process is simplified, so that the production cost is reduced. Besides, the invention further discloses a battery top cover assembly method.