Method for preparing hydrocarbons matter with biological oil and fat

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing hydrocarbon substance equals to diesel oil, gasoline and aviation kerosene through inducting the calcium soap process of decarboxylation by utilizing biological grease, which belongs to the biological fuel oil field. The method comprises the following steps in sequence: the process of extracting biological grease; the process of full hydrogenation; the process of full calcium saponification; the process of extracting glycerin; the process of decarboxylation; the process of catalytic cracking. The preparation of biological oil with the biological grease of the invention has the advantages: firstly, the structure and the composition of the basic molecule of the biological oil is identical with that of the real petroleum fuel; secondly, the technical routes are completely various, the invention adopts the inductive decarboxylation of the full saturation fatty acid calcium soap; thirdly, the selection of the raw material of the grease does not collide with the national grain and oil security strategy; fourthly, the impurities contained are less; fifthly, calcium hydroxide produces calcium carbonate after being used, and the latter can be deoxidized into calcium hydroxide after being processed, and can be reused after being purified, which complies with the principles of the circular economy and the environmental economy.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of biofuels, in particular to a method for preparing hydrocarbon substances equivalent to diesel oil, gasoline and aviation kerosene by utilizing bio-oils through a "calcium soap process" inducing decarboxylation. Background technique [0002] Among all biological substances, the closest molecular structure to petrochemical fuel oil is biological oil. The basic molecular structure of plant seed oil is triglyceride, which is fatty acid after removing glycerol, while petrochemical fuel oil (diesel oil, kerosene The basic molecular structure of fatty acids and gasoline, etc.) is hydrocarbons, and the general form is straight alkanes. Usually, the common point in the molecular structure of fatty acids and straight alkanes is that they all have long or short hydrocarbon chains (the basic molecules of high-quality gasoline often contain branched Paraffins, cycloalkanes and aromatics), the difference is that the tail of the ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] It must be admitted that in fatty acid molecules, the carbon-hydrogen chains and carboxyl groups are tightly combined, and usually they must be cracked to disassemble them, which generally requires a lot of energy, that is, a lot of pressure and a high temperature, and a strong catalyst or catalyst. Participating substances, the cost is very high, and in this process, many unexpected useless wastes are generated due to the breakage of hydrocarbon chains, but there is indeed a special reaction, that is, the calcium soap of saturated fatty acids in a more common nature Under the induction of a relatively mild chemical substance (calcium hydride), it is easier to remove the carboxyl group on the fatty acid molecule, and smoothly and completely generate straight alkanes with one carbon number less than the corresponding fatty acid

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