Monoatomic catalyst for preparation of low-carbon olefin by means of dehydrogenation of lower low-carbon hydrocarbons, and catalytic method

Abstract

The invention relates to a monoatomic catalyst for preparation of low-carbon olefin by means of dehydrogenation of low-carbon hydrocarbons, and a catalytic method. The catalyst is obtained by supporting metal active components, dispersed in an isolated monoatomic form, on a carrier, or supporting the metal active components on the carrier in a form in which single atoms and metal nanoparticles coexist. The metals in the metal active components are preferably selected from at least one of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, iridium, platinum and lead; the carrier is prepared from one or more of a carbon-nitrogen material, a carbon material or oxides. The catalyst provided by the invention can realize the reduction ofmetal consumption and has very good stability; the catalyst can significantly reduce the reaction temperature while guaranteeing high catalytic performance, reduces the energy consumption, effectively avoids the formation of carbon deposit, and increases the production efficiency. The catalyst can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction of the multiple low-carbon hydrocarbons such as isobutane, n-butane, butene, propane and ethane so as to produce corresponding low-carbon olefin products, thus being wide in application range; the monoatomic catalyst is multiple in preparation methods, wide in rawmaterials, low in cost and suitable for mass industrial production.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to a catalyst and a catalytic method for preparing low-carbon olefins by dehydrogenation of low-carbon hydrocarbons, and belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry. Background technique [0002] Low-carbon olefins include isobutene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, propylene, ethylene, etc. They are the basic raw materials of petrochemical industry and are widely used in the production of organic chemical raw materials, resin rubber plastics, and synthetic gasoline. Wait. In the traditional industrial production process, higher low-carbon olefins such as isobutene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, and propylene are mainly obtained as by-products in the process of cracking ethylene in the petroleum industry, but in recent years With the improvement of shale gas steam cracking technology to produce ethylene, although the cost of ethylene has been significantly reduced, the process cannot obtain other high-grade olefins...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0007] Aiming at the problems and defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a single-atom catalyst and catalytic method for the dehydrogenation of low-carbon hydrocarbons to low-carbon olefins, aiming to use a very small amount of metals and simple and easy-to-obtain carbon-nitrogen materials Or carbon materials as raw materials, while ensuring high catalytic performance, significantly reduce the reaction temperature, inhibit the formation of carbon deposits, and improve production efficiency; avoid the high cost, large pollution, high energy consumption, and short life of traditional industrial platinum and chromium catalysts And other issues

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