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Method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode material from medium and low temperature coal tar and application of lithium battery negative electrode material

A low-temperature coal tar and negative electrode material technology, applied in lithium batteries, battery electrodes, negative electrodes, etc., can solve the problems of unfavorable carbon layer structure and evenly distributed voids, unsteady control of product quality, and poor carbon layer structure regularity. The preparation process is simple and feasible, the cycle performance is excellent, and the anti-attenuation ability is outstanding.

Pending Publication Date: 2022-01-28
陕西榆能集团能源化工研究院有限公司 +1
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Problems solved by technology

At present, the commercialized negative electrode materials are mainly graphite negative electrode materials, among which graphitized mesocarbon microspheres have close packing, which can increase the energy density of energy lithium-ion batteries. In addition, its smooth surface reduces the occurrence of side reactions and improves the first time. Charge and discharge efficiency, but the theoretical gram capacity of graphite as the negative electrode material is 372m Ah, which can no longer meet people's requirements for high energy density lithium-ion batteries
[0004] Patent CN109319774 discloses a method for preparing negative electrode materials by using medium and low temperature dry distillation coal tar. The method mentions that refined pitch is used to prepare negative electrode material precursors. The same disadvantages of coke-material spherical shape is not high, and the regularity of the carbon layer structure is poor; the patent CN105623694A uses impregnating agent pitch as raw material to obtain mesophase pitch through thermal polymerization, and then further carbonizes to obtain mesophase pitch coke, with an ash content of less than 0.5%. However, the preparation of high-quality mesophase pitch coke requires pretreatment and modulation of the raw material pitch to obtain the removal of ash impurities and suitable raw material structure and composition distribution.
Patent CN101651199B discloses a lithium battery carbon negative electrode material and its preparation method. The method uses coal tar (or coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch) and anthracite coated lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by polymerization, carbonization and graphitization. However, the method of preparing lithium battery negative electrode materials is not conducive to the formation of regular carbon layer structure and uniform distribution of voids.
The problems in the preparation method of the above-mentioned negative electrode materials are: complex process, unsteady control of product quality

Method used

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  • Method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode material from medium and low temperature coal tar and application of lithium battery negative electrode material
  • Method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode material from medium and low temperature coal tar and application of lithium battery negative electrode material
  • Method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode material from medium and low temperature coal tar and application of lithium battery negative electrode material

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preparation example Construction

[0037] Preparation method provided by the invention, concrete steps are as follows:

[0038] 1) Raw material pretreatment

[0039] The medium and low temperature coal tar raw material is cut into fractions to obtain 350-520°C fractional asphalt;

[0040] 2) Separation and deployment

[0041]2.1) Use n-alkane solution, single-ring hydrocarbon aromatics solution and quinoline solution to extract and separate the 350-520°C fractional bitumen in step 1) three times in sequence, and obtain n-alkane soluble HS components, n-alkane insoluble single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon soluble HI-TS component and single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon insoluble quinoline soluble TI-QS component;

[0042] Specific separation methods include:

[0043] 2.1.1) Mix 350-520°C fractional asphalt with n-alkane solution, an extraction reaction occurs under stirring conditions, and stand to obtain a supernatant and a lower asphalt HI; from the supernatant, separate the normal Alkane solubles HS, lower bitum...

Embodiment 1

[0058] The method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode materials provided by this embodiment using medium and low temperature coal tar comprises the following steps:

[0059] 1) The medium and low temperature coal tar raw material is cut into fractions to obtain 350-520°C fractional asphalt;

[0060] 2.1) Separation and blending of asphalt in distillate section at 350~520℃

[0061] 2.1.1) Weigh 150g of 350~520℃ distillate bitumen, put it into a reaction kettle containing 300g of n-heptane solvent, first raise the temperature of the reaction kettle to 65℃, and stir for 10min at a speed of 1800r / min to generate An extraction reaction, and then stand still for 1 hour to obtain a supernatant liquid and a lower pitch HI; take out a supernatant liquid, and separate the n-heptane solvent to obtain n-heptane solubles HS; the lower pitch HI is taken out and dried for use;

[0062] 2.1.2) Put the lower bitumen HI in 2.1.1) into a reaction kettle filled with 300g of toluene ...

Embodiment 2

[0068] The method for preparing lithium battery negative electrode materials provided by this embodiment using medium and low temperature coal tar comprises the following steps:

[0069] 1) The medium and low temperature coal tar raw material is cut into fractions to obtain 350-520°C fractional asphalt;

[0070] 2.1) Separation and blending of asphalt in distillate section at 350~520℃

[0071] 2.1.1) Weigh 150g of 350-520°C distillate asphalt, put it into a reactor containing 300g of n-heptane solvent, raise the temperature of the reactor to 75°C, and then stir once every 30 minutes at 2000r / min. Extraction reaction, and then stand still for 1 hour to obtain a supernatant and a lower pitch TI; take out a supernatant, separate the n-heptane solvent to obtain n-heptane solubles HS; take out the lower pitch HI and dry it for later use;

[0072] 2.1.2) Put the lower pitch HI obtained in 2.1.1) into a reaction kettle filled with 300g of toluene solvent, first raise the temperature...

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and relates to a method for preparing a lithium battery negative electrode material by using medium and low temperature coal tar and application of the lithium battery negative electrode material, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) cutting a raw material fraction to obtain fraction section asphalt at 350-520 DEG C; 2) extracting and separating an HS component, an HI-TS component and a TI-QS component from the cut asphalt, and blending to obtain a blended raw material; 3) blending the raw materials and carrying out secondary carbonization; and 4) further graphitizing to obtain the lithium battery negative electrode material. Medium and low temperature coal tar is used as a raw material, preparation is completed through separating, blending, secondary carbonization and graphitization, and the process is simple, feasible, easy to operate and stable; and the obtained lithium battery negative electrode material is used for a lithium battery negative electrode, the battery performance is stable, the cycle performance is excellent, and the anti-attenuation capability is outstanding.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and relates to a method and application for preparing negative electrode materials of lithium batteries by utilizing medium and low temperature coal tar. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of modern industry, the demand for energy in countries around the world is growing explosively, and the ensuing problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more and more severe. For a long time to come, energy shortage will be a huge challenge to the sustainable development of energy in the world. With the development of energy storage technology, technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries have become the focus of attention in recent years. Compared with other energy storage technologies that are basically in the experimental stage, lithium-ion batteries are relativel...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C01B32/205H01M4/583H01M4/587H01M10/052H01M10/0525
CPCC01B32/205H01M4/583H01M4/587H01M10/052H01M10/0525H01M2004/021H01M2004/027Y02E60/10
Inventor 黄晔李冬高生辉崔楼伟田亚飞高峰马明明田佳勇刘杰
Owner 陕西榆能集团能源化工研究院有限公司
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