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Metal complexes for use as gas generants

a technology of metal complexes and generants, applied in the direction of nitration metallo-organic explosive compositions, inorganic oxygen-halogen salt explosive compositions, explosives, etc., to achieve the effect of reducing or eliminating the production of undesirable gases or particulates, improving crush strength and other mechanical properties, and efficient combustion of binder

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-03-31
HINSHAW JERALD C +3
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention is related to the use of complexes of transition metals or alkaline earth metals as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation and a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen. One or more oxidizing anions are provided to balance the charge of the complex. Examples of typical oxidizing anions which can be used include nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides, and superoxides. In some cases the oxidizing anion is part of the metal cation coordination complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, a mixture of gases containing nitrogen gas and water vapor are produced. A binder can be provided to improve the crush strength and other mechanical properties of the gas generant composition. A co-oxidizer can also be provided primarily to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Importantly, the production of undesirable gases or particulates is substantially reduced or eliminated.
It is within the scope of the present invention to include metal complexes which contain a common ligand in addition to the neutral ligand. A few typical common ligands include: aquo (H2O), hydroxo (OH), carbonato (CO3), oxalate (C204), cyano (CN), isocyanato (NC), chloro (Cl), fluoro (F), and similar ligands. The metal complexes within the scope of the present invention are also intended to include a common counter ion, in addition to the oxidizing anion, to help balance the charge of the complex. A few typical common counter ions include: hydroxide (OH−), chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F), cyanide (CN−), carbonate (CO3 −2), phosphate (PO4−3), oxalate (C2O4−2), borate (BO4−5), ammonium (NH4+), and the like.

Problems solved by technology

These metals are not as preferred as the metals mentioned above, primarily because of cost considerations.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

A quantity (132.4 g) of Co(NH3)3(NO2)3, prepared according to the teachings of Hagel et al., “The Triamines of Cobalt (III). 1. Geometrical Isomers of Trinitrotriamminecobalt (III),” 9 Inorganic Chemistry 1496 (June 1970), was slurried in 35 mL of methanol with 7 g of a 38 percent by weight solution of pyrotechnic grade vinyl acetate / vinyl alcohol polymer resin commonly known as VAAR dissolved in methyl acetate. The solvent was allowed to partially evaporate. The paste-like mixture was forced through a 20-mesh sieve, allowed to dry to a stiff consistency, and forced through a sieve yet again. The granules resulting were then dried in vacuo at ambient temperature for 12 hours. One-half inch diameter pellets of the dried material were prepared by pressing. The pellets were combusted at several different pressures ranging from 600 to 3,300 psig. The burning rate of the generant was found to be 0.237 inches per second at 1,000 psig with a pressure exponent of 0.85 over the pressure ran...

example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with 100 g of Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 and 34 g of 12 percent by weight solution of nylon in methanol. Granulation was accomplished via 10-and 16-mesh screens followed by air drying. The burn rate of this composition was found to be 0.290 inches per second at 1,000 psig with a pressure exponent of 0.74.

example 3

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1,400 g of Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 was slurried with 219 g of a 12 percent by weight solution of nitrocellulose in acetone. The nitrocellulose contained 12.6 percent nitrogen. The solvent was allowed to partially evaporate. The resulting paste was forced through an 8-mesh sieve followed by a 24-mesh sieve. The resultant granules were dried in air overnight and blended with sufficient calcium stearate mold release agent to provide 0.3 percent by weight in the final product. A portion of the resulting material was pressed into ½-inch diameter pellets and found to exhibit a burn rate of 0.275 inches per second at 1,000 psig with a pressure exponent of 0.79. The remainder of the material was pressed into pellets ⅛-inch diameter by 0.07-inch thickness on a rotary tablet press. The pellet density was determined to be 1.88 g / cc. The theoretical flame temperature of this composition was 2,358° K and was calculated to provide a gas mass fraction of 0....

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PUM

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Abstract

Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices, such as automobile air bags.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to complexes of transition metals or alkaline earth metals which are capable of combusting to generate gases. More particularly, the present invention relates to providing such complexes which rapidly oxidize to produce significant quantities of gases, particularly water vapor and nitrogen. Gas generating chemical compositions are useful in a number of different contexts. One important use for such compositions is in the operation of “air bags.” Air bags are gaining in acceptance to the point that many, if not most, new automobiles are equipped with such devices. Indeed, many new automobiles are equipped with multiple air bags to protect the driver and passengers. In the context of automobile air bags, sufficient gas must be generated to inflate the device within a fraction of a second. Between the time the car is impacted in an accident, and the time the driver would otherwise be thrust against the...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C06B29/00C06B31/00C06B41/00C06B43/00C06D5/06
CPCC06B29/00C06B31/00C06D5/06C06B43/00C06B41/00
Inventor HINSHAW, JERALD C.DOLL, DANIEL W.BLAU, REED J.LUND, GARY K.
Owner HINSHAW JERALD C
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