The invention provides a kit for detecting human regulatory T cell subtypes and a detection method and belongs to the technical field of cell subtype detection. The provided kit comprises components as follows: a blood diluent, a mononuclear cell separation medium, a cell culture fluid, a lymphocyte activation solution, dead cell removal dyes, an FcR blocking agent, a fluorescence labeled antibodyresisting human cell surface labeling molecules, a fluorescence labeled antibody resisting human intracellular molecules, a PBS buffer solution, lipopolysaccharide, a washing buffer solution, a celldyeing buffer solution, a cell fixing solution and a permeable membrane lotion. During detection, firstly, mononuclear cells in whole blood are separated, then, mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood are stimulated, finally, a fluorescent antibody is stained, and the regulatory T cell subtypes can be detected. By use of the kit and the detection method, 2-6 regulatory T cell subtypes can be simply and rapidly distinguished.