A method of expressing an agronomically or non-agronomically beneficial trait in a
plant plastid comprising expressing an exogenous
nucleic acid in the
plant to produce non-photosynthetic
mutant plants, and using
callus grown from the
mutant plants as recipients for introduction of a construct having a functional copy of the mutated
gene and a
gene conferring an agronomically or non-agronomically beneficial trait. Embodiments provide for mutations in
chloroplast-encoded genes, as well as mutations in nuclear-encoded genes targeted to the
chloroplast that are required for
photosynthesis, plants and
plant parts produced from such methods, as well as kits for performing the methods as described.