The invention provides a DSRC-based real-time road condition information acquisition device, a method, and a transfer device and a method. The DSRC-based real-time road condition information acquisition device comprises an antenna, a first positioning module, a first processing module, and a first DSRC receiving and transmitting module, wherein the first positioning module is connected with the antenna for receiving position information of the DSRC-based real-time road condition information acquisition device via the antenna; the first processing module is connected with the first positioning module for processing the position information into a DSRC data packet; and the first DSRC receiving and transmitting module is connected with the first processing module and the antenna respectively for transmitting the DSRC data packet. As the vehicle reports self position information automatically in real time, the vehicle can be merged with the existing intelligent vehicle host to form Internet of Vehicles, automatic and real-time road condition acquisition is realized, position information of driving vehicles on a road between the vehicle and a base station and between the base station and a road condition center can be transmitted in real time, real-time, accurate and thorough road condition information can be acquired, and a basis is provided for realization of intelligent traffic such as planning of the intelligent road.