The invention discloses an urban tree branch fermentation bacterial agent composition and its fermenting process; the urban tree branch fermentation bacterial agent component comprises bacteria 1, to be specific, Actinobacteria, soft rot fungi, brown rot fungi and white rot fungi, as well as growth inhibition lactic acid bacteria for inhibiting butyric acid bacteria and putrefying bacteria; bacteria 2, to be specific, thermotolerant Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and Actinobacteria; bacteria 3, to be specific, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria. The fermenting process comprises crushing urban tree branches into powder, and spraying water to wet the powder; adding the bacteria 1, and piling and fermenting indoors for several days; adding the bacteria 2 to prevent the biological growth of aerobic rot acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria, and fermenting for more than ten days; adding the bacteria 3, and fermenting for several days. By using the urban tree branch fermentation bacterial agent composition and its fermenting process, the problem of treating urban tree branches is solved, the environmental pollution problem is solved, and waste is turned into wealth; a fertilizer prepared by using the fermenting process has high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and is a good organic fertilizer.