The invention discloses a stored-grain pest sound detection identification system, including a first sound collection module, a sound pretreatment module, a sound processing module, a retrieval contrast module, a drawing module, a regression calculating module, a prediction analysis module and a database. The database is connected with a second sound collection module, an image collection module, a man-machine operation module, a data processing module and a correlation establishing module. The invention completes pest detection through identifying insect sounds, achieves real-time, accurate and lossless automatic detection of pests in stored grain, and can predict the multiplying condition of pests, thereby facilitating pest treatment measure making and reducing economic loss caused by delayed discovery and delayed treatment.