The application relates to the technical field of
nondestructive testing of
power equipment, and discloses a method and
system for detecting structural defects of a post insulator based on a photoacoustic pressure effect, which comprises the following steps: according to the installation position of the post insulator, a
laser and a sound receiving device are configured, and a focused and directed dynamic adjustment is combined with response environment parameters; two groups of sound signals are obtained by adopting a double-pulse differential excitation mode, and subtraction is performed to suppress common-mode
noise; the differential sound signals are divided into subbands according to frequencies, periodic coherent superposition is performed to improve a
signal-to-
noise ratio; effective characteristic frequency bands are screened according to subband
energy density and
phase stability; defect scales are determined by combining characteristic
frequency band parameters, and a defect space position is located by utilizing a
time difference of multiple receivers; and finally, the position is registered to an insulator three-dimensional digital model to output physical coordinates. The application can effectively overcome the problems of
signal attenuation and environmental interference at a long distance, and improve defect recognition reliability and positioning accuracy.