The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering, and particularly relates to a production method for preparing diammonium hydrogen phosphate and a byproduct special fertilizer for oats. The fertilizer requirements of oats are analyzed, and the defects in processing steps in the preparation of an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product are analyzed, so that the preparation processes of the special fertilizer for oats and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product are combined, and the two irrelevant processes are made complementary, thereby increasing the added value in the preparation process of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product, improving the purity of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product, saving element resources such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and reducing the discharge amount of waste liquor; and nutritive elements in the waste liquor produced in the preparation process of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product are controlled and regulated, so that the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the waste liquor can satisfy growth requirements of oats, the purity of the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate product is increased to 93% or above, the residual nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the waste liquor are reduced, and the discharge amount of the waste liquor is reduced. Thus, the production method has remarkable environmental protection value and economic benefits.