The invention provides a brightness compensation method, a brightness compensation device and a brightness compensation system of a display panel, relates to the technical field of display, and is used for solving the technical problem of color cast of an auxiliary screen area. The brightness compensation method of the display panel comprises the following steps: acquiring at least two of the actual temperature, the actual frame rate and the actual display brightness value of the display panel and the working time of the display panel; according to at least two of the acquired actual temperature, the actual frame rate and the actual display brightness value, the working time and a pre-stored corresponding relation of brightness compensation coefficients along with time, acquiring a brightness compensation coefficient corresponding to a secondary screen area; and performing brightness compensation on the secondary screen area according to the brightness compensation coefficient. By comprehensively considering a plurality of factors influencing brightness attenuation, such as temperature, frame rate, display brightness value and the like, and reflecting the factors in the brightness compensation coefficient, the brightness of the auxiliary screen area is compensated more comprehensively and accurately, the color cast degree of the auxiliary screen area is reduced, and the brightness uniformity of the display panel is improved, so that the display effect is improved.