The invention discloses a device and a method for positioning a wheel hub work piece. The device for positioning the wheel hub work piece comprises an image collection module, a wheel hub template information extraction module, a feature point extraction module of a wheel hub to be detected, a feature point matching module and a wheel hub positioning module, wherein the wheel hub template information extraction module is used to extract SIFI (scale invariant feature transform) feature points, a circle centre and positions of air nozzles and four points on the circumference of the outer edge of the wheel hub from a wheel hub template image. The device and the method for positioning the wheel hub work piece are in consideration of illumination influences and the problems of translation, rotation, scale variation and the like, which are encountered in the wheel hub image matching process, use an SIFI feature point matching method to match point pairs of corresponding spaces in the wheel hub template image and an image to be detected, then judge a space corresponding relation in wheel hub area images in the wheel hub template image and the image to be detected through the point pairs, and finally figure out points in a wheel hub area in the image to be detected, which are corresponding to known calibration points in the wheel hub template image, through the space corresponding relation between the wheel hub area images in the wheel hub template image and the image to be detected, and thereby achieve the purpose of positioning the wheel hub.