The invention discloses a saw band tensioning mechanism of a high-speed band sawing machine, and relates to the field of machining equipment. The saw band tensioning mechanism of the high-speed band sawing machine comprises a sawing machine base, a saw band body and a saw band tensioning device, the saw band tensioning device comprises a tensioning gear body, the tensioning gear body is arranged in a saw band supporting and fixing frame, and a supporting and adjusting mechanism corresponding to the tensioning gear body is arranged above the saw band supporting and fixing frame. When the saw band tensioning mechanism of the high-speed band sawing machine is used, cutting operation on materials is facilitated, a used mechanical arm body can drive the whole saw band supporting and fixing frame and the saw band body to move, the saw band body is used for cutting the materials, in the using process of the saw band body, as time goes on, the saw band body can be gradually loosened, after the saw band body is loosened, the saw belt body can be tensioned conveniently and rapidly, the tensioning effect is good, and the whole tensioning mechanism is simple in structure, convenient to use and free of manual operation.