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Micro tritium battery and preparation method of micro tritium battery

A battery and miniature technology, which is used in the fields of obtaining electric energy from radioactive sources, nuclear engineering, and the application of radioactive source radiation. It can solve the problems of small tritium gas adsorption, energy consumption, and small tritium adsorption, so as to improve protection and safety. , Reduce the size of the radioactive source, and be conducive to the effect of industrialization

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-10-17
SICHUAN UNIV
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Problems solved by technology

The output power of the experimentally produced tritium batteries is in the order of nW / cm2, some even less than 1 nW / cm2, and the device efficiency is lower than 0.1%. If Taking into account the energy absorbed by the β electrons of the radioactive source, the overall conversion efficiency is even smaller
[0003] (1) Tritium originates from absorption, resulting in more β-electron energy annihilation inside the radioactive source;
[0004] (2) The energy loss of β electrons penetrating the semiconductor junction region, such as the surface of the pn junction formed by thermal diffusion on the surface of single crystal silicon must have a certain depth in the Outside the self-built electric field area, the collection efficiency of electron-vacancy pairs that cause the separation of β electrons is low;
[0005] (3) The ohmic electrode and the radioactive source interact with each other. If the radioactive source is between the ohmic electrode and the pn junction, it will affect the transport of carriers. If the radioactive source is in the ohmic Outside the electrode, the β electrons will consume energy when passing through the electrode;
[0006] (4) The form or carrier of tritium, the self-absorption of metal tritide causes the power radiated from the surface to be lower than that of tritium gas, and direct use of tritium gas will cause pollution , if tritium gas is directly adsorbed on the inner wall of the three-dimensional pn junction, although it helps to improve the utilization rate of tritium β electrons, the amount of tritium gas adsorption is very small
The depth diameter of the three-dimensional pn junction is relatively large, which is limited by the technical limitations of doping uniformity in the hole, radioactive source loading, and electrode fabrication.
There are a large number of defects in nanoporous silicon, and the resistivity is high, which affects the carrier transport, so it is not possible to make a pn junction, and it is only suitable for tritium carriers.
[0009] It can be seen that the three-dimensional structure of straight holes above the micron level is a good basic structure for energy conversion devices, but the adsorption amount of tritium is very small; nanoporous silicon contains A large number of nanopores and nanocrystals can be used as tritium carriers, but the interior contains a large number of defects, making it unsuitable as an energy conversion device alone

Method used

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  • Micro tritium battery and preparation method of micro tritium battery
  • Micro tritium battery and preparation method of micro tritium battery

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preparation example Construction

[0040] The preparation method of the above-mentioned miniature tritium battery, the silicon wafer is an n-type silicon wafer of 1 ~ 100Ωcm, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1, structure preparation, install the cleaned silicon wafer in the electrochemical etching tank, the etching solution is mixed with hydrofluoric acid and organic solvent at a volume ratio of 1:1~1:1.5, and the concentration of hydrofluoric acid is 40%~50 %, the organic solvent is one of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, the power supply voltage is set at 40-70 V and the current is set at 20-60 mA / cm 2 , the etching time is 1-10 min, and then ion beam sputtering is performed on the etched surface to remove the corroded layer on the surface, and a porous silicon structure is produced;

[0042] Step 2, pn junction preparation, porous silicon structure doping with boron doping 10 on the corrosion surface 16 ~10 20 cm -3 and the other side doped with phosphorus 10 16 ~10 20 cm -3 ;

[004...

Embodiment 1

[0055] The micro tritium battery includes several layers of tritium battery cells 1, casing 2, protective material 3 and external electrodes 4, and the tritium battery cells include single crystal silicon 5, columnar tritiated nanoporous silicon 6 embedded in single crystal silicon and located in the single crystal The surface electrodes 7 on both sides of the silicon are sequentially connected to the tritium battery unit 1 through the contact of the surface electrodes 7 .

[0056] The protective material 3 is a tritium-proof polyvinyl chloride composite material, forming a sealed space, and the joint is sealed with an O-ring made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The shell 2 is stainless steel, and the surface electrode 7 is a gold film with a thickness of 100nm. The resistivity of monocrystalline silicon 5 is 1~5Ωcm, and nanoporous silicon is a sponge-like structure composed of silicon nanocrystals and nanopores below 5nm. Columnar tritiated nanoporous silicon 6: height 1 μm, spa...

Embodiment 2

[0064] The micro tritium battery includes several layers of tritium battery cells 1, casing 2, protective material 3 and external electrodes 4, and the tritium battery cells include single crystal silicon 5, columnar tritiated nanoporous silicon 6 embedded in single crystal silicon and located in the single crystal The surface electrodes 7 on both sides of the silicon are sequentially connected to the tritium battery unit 1 through the contact of the surface electrodes 7 .

[0065] The protective material 3 can be polytetrafluoroethylene, and forms a sealed space, and the connection is sealed with an O-ring made of neoprene. The shell 2 is stainless steel, and the surface electrode 7 is an aluminum film with a thickness of 500nm. The resistivity of monocrystalline silicon 5 is 80~100Ωcm, and nanoporous silicon is a sponge-like structure composed of silicon nanocrystals and nanopores below 5nm. Columnar tritiated nanoporous silicon 6: 60 μm in height, 1 to 2 μm in pitch, and 0...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro tritium battery. The micro tritium battery is composed of a plurality of layers of tritium battery units, a protecting material, a housing and an electrode, wherein the tritium battery unit is composed of monocrystalline silicon and tritiated nano porous silicon in the monocrystalline silicon; according to the tritium battery unit, the adsorption of a radioactive source can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the monocrystalline silicon can be improved. According to the method of the micro tritium battery, the steps of etching the monocrystalline silicon through electrochemistry, doping, absorbing tritium, depositing electrode, manufacturing a protective housing, etc. are adopted; and the preparation method is simple and safe.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of micro batteries and relates to a micro isotope battery. Background technique [0002] Isotope batteries can be widely used in aircraft, sensors, micro-machines, nano-devices, consumer electronics and other fields, and are considered to be the most promising new type of micro-battery. The output power of the experimentally produced tritium battery is nW / cm 2 The order of magnitude, some even less than 1 nW / cm 2 , the device efficiency is lower than 0.1%, if the radiation source β electrons are included in the absorbed energy, the overall conversion efficiency is even smaller. The main reasons are: [0003] (1) Tritium originates from absorption, which leads to the annihilation of β electron energy inside the radioactive source; [0004] (2) The energy loss of β electrons penetrating the semiconductor junction region, such as the surface of the pn junction formed by thermal diffusion on the surface of single cry...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G21H1/06
Inventor 展长勇邹宇任丁伍建春刘波
Owner SICHUAN UNIV
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