Production method of nanoscale high-purity zirconium dioxide composite powder

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method of nanoscale high-purity zirconium dioxide composite powder. The method comprises the following steps: taking zirconium tetrachloride as the raw material, drying the raw material, then removing impurity with boiling point being lower than that of zirconium tetrachloride and impurity with boiling point being higher than that of zirconium tetrachloride through a two-step distillation crystallization method, dissolving zirconium tetrachloride by using a mixed solution of deionized water and alcohol, carrying out separation of zirconium and hafnium in the solution through an MIBK extraction-elution resin filled extraction chromatographic column, then further purifying zirconium tetrachloride through an ion exchange mode, adding chloride into a high-purity zirconium tetrachloride solution to form a zirconium tetrachloride compound solution, then obtaining zirconium hydroxide gel through an ammonia water spraying co-precipitation manner, carrying out hydrothermal reaction of the zirconium hydroxide gel in a high-pressure reactor, and finally filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nanoscale high-purity zirconium dioxide composite powder. The nanoscale high-purity zirconium dioxide composite powder prepared by the method has the advantages of high purity, uniform particle size, high dispersibility and the like and is applicable to industrial production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a production method of nano-scale high-purity zirconia composite powder, which belongs to the technical field of material engineering. Background technique [0002] Zirconia is a very important structural and functional material with excellent physical and chemical properties, including high temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and so on. With the development of electronics and new material industry, ZrO 2 In addition to being used in refractory materials and ceramic pigments, the application in high-tech fields such as electronic ceramics, functional ceramics and structural ceramics is also expanding. In order to meet these requirements, the raw materials for making these components must have the conditions of high purity and fine particles. In order to obtain nano-scale zirconia powder, different physical, mechanical, and chemical methods have been adopted or tried, such as ball milling, hydrolysis ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0011] The above-mentioned patents describe various production methods for producing nano-sized zirconia-related powders, but none of the zirconia powders is purified. The purity of nano-sized zirconia powders is completely determined by the purity of the purchased raw materials. For nano The impurity elements in the zirconia powder mainly affect the performance of zirconia ceramics mainly in the following aspects: (1) Congenital impurity defects: each impurity element must occupy a position or position in the zirconia lattice A series of positions, thus changing the original crystal structure of zirconia ceramics, resulting in lattice distortion, thus affecting the mechanical strength, insulation, corrosion resistance and chemical reaction performance of ceramic materials; (2) channels and effects of impurities introduced : Ceramic material forms a defect reaction, which generally occurs in the matrix itself, the dissolution process, and the processing process of the powder. When impurities enter the matrix crystal, they generally follow the principle that the positive and negative ions of the impurity enter the positive and negative ion vacancies of the matrix respectively. The lattice of the matrix crystal Distortion is small, defects are easy to form, and interstitial particles or vacancies will be generated when unequal substitutions are made; (3) Strengthening methods of beneficial impurity elements: For zirconia products with different uses, impurity elements generally have beneficial and harmful effects. Yes, the strengthening of beneficial elements is mainly through solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening. The strengthening method of solid solution strengthening is that impurity atoms dissolve into the solid solution lattice to cause distortion, which hinders dislocation movement on the slip surface effect, and the impurity atoms segregated on the dislocation line have a pinning effect on the dislocation; the second phase strengthening method is that the second phase impurity particles can effectively hinder the movement of the dislocation, and the moving dislocation encounters slip When moving the impurity particles on the surface, cut or bypass, so that the sliding deformation can continue. This process needs to consume more extra energy, so as to achieve the enhanced effect

Harmful elements have no such effect. Therefore, it is necessary to remove all impurities through purification, and then introduce beneficial elements through physical addition, so as to obtain nano-scale high-purity zirconia powders with different needs; (4) The mechanism of action of harmful elements: The main disadvantage of harmful elements is that they have no strengthening effect and produce internal defects. Under the action of external energy, the defects will instead spread

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