Efficient low-resistance nano-fiber microscopic gradient structure filtering material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient low-resistance nano-fiber microscopic gradient structure filtering material and a preparation method thereof. The filtering material comprises a nanometer fine filtering layer, a micrometer support primary filtering layer and protective surface layers, wherein the micrometer support primary filtering layer and the nanometer fine filtering layer are interactively overlaid, and arranged between the two protective surface layers. The nanometer fine filtering layer has a grid structure, and the nanometer fine filtering layer is composed of a plane matrix fiberlayer and cone structures, wherein fibers between the tips of the cone structures and a grid matrix fiber layer have an oriented structure along the tips and the plane matrix fiber layer. By means ofthe filtering material without electricity, the efficiency of filtering NaCl aerosol with the mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.26 micrometer is 99.9-99.999%, and the pressure is reduced to 130-300 Pa; by means of the filtering material which is treated by electricity, the efficiency of filtering the NaCl aerosol with the mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.26 micrometer is 99.9-99.999%, andthe pressure is reduced to 30-250 Pa.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of air filtration, in particular to a gradient composite structure filter medium material with good filtering effect and a preparation process thereof. Background technique [0002] Air is a necessary condition for human survival. Due to the influence of production and various human activities, especially the large and random discharge of industrial waste gas, the air contains excessive dust and harmful gases and is polluted to varying degrees. In the past few years, PM2.5 has attracted widespread attention from the society. Dust can cause great harm to organs such as the respiratory tract and eyes. According to the "Green GDP Accounting Report", the annual loss caused by environmental pollution in Beijing alone is as high as more than 11.6 billion yuan, of which the economic loss caused by air pollution to Beijing is the most serious, as high as 9.52 billion yuan, accounting for the total loss caused by pollution. I...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] Chinese patent CN 103264533 A discloses a ceramic-intermetallic compound gradient filter tube and its preparation method and application. The invented filter tube is made of Ni powder, Al powder, Ti powder, B 4 C powder, SiC powder and TiH 2 As a raw material, the inner layer is synthesized by reaction to be porous TiC+TiB with good wear resistance and corrosion resistance 2 Ceramic, the pores are covered with TiB+Ti with a length of 10 μm 3 B 4 Whiskers, the outermost layer is porous NiAl+Ni with high strength and good corrosion resistance 3 In the Al intermetallic compound layer, the ceramic components gradually decrease from the inside to the outside, and the intermetallic compound components gradually increase, thus forming a gradient structure to overcome the shortcomings of existing filter materials such as high filtration resistance, low filtration efficiency, and difficult to wash, but the ceramic -The cost of intermetallic compound gradient filter tube is relatively high, and the process is relatively complicated, which is not conducive to the promotion and industrialization of technology

Chinese invention patent application CN 103446804 A discloses a carbon nanotube air filter material with a gradient structure and its preparation method. The carbon nanotube air filter material grows carbon nanotubes with different contents on the fiber surface to form a gradient structure so that it has High filtration efficiency, low filtration resistance, etc., but carbon nanotubes are prone to agglomeration in the solution, thereby reducing the porosity of the filter material, and the nanoparticles will fall off during use, posing a threat to people's health

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