A kind of enhanced light-weight photovoltaic module and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention provides an enhanced light-weight photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of solar photovoltaics. , the second adhesive layer, the bulk photovoltaic cell, the third adhesive layer, the rear bearing layer, the fourth adhesive layer, and the rear encapsulation layer; the front bearing layer is a glass fiber mesh, coated with carbon quantum dots or inorganic quantum dots Equal conversion material, the back of the block photovoltaic cell is coated with a temperature-sensitive material, the rear bearing layer is a circuit board, and an observation hole is opened at the temperature-sensitive material on the back of the photovoltaic cell to observe the color change of the temperature-sensitive material. The box body is provided with an upper electrode sheet, a lower electrode sheet, a bypass diode, a thermal bimetal switch tube, a switch circuit and a push-conducting device to improve the rapid maintenance, reliability, testability and safety of the solar photovoltaic module.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an enhanced light-weight photovoltaic component and a manufacturing method, belonging to the technical field of solar photovoltaic. Background technique [0002] Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy. Photovoltaic power generation has become an important green energy source. At present, photovoltaic cells are mainly divided into bulk crystalline silicon cells and deposited thin film cells. As the core component of photovoltaic power generation, solar photovoltaic cells The encapsulation and protection of solar cells is particularly important, which directly affects the product quality, safety, reliability and lifespan of solar photovoltaic cells. [0003] At present, photovoltaic modules mainly include rigid packaging and flexible packaging. The so-called rigid photovoltaic module is mainly composed of tempered glass, adhesive layer and backplane to encapsulate the solar photovoltaic cell chip in a sandwich-like structu...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, photovoltaic modules mainly include rigid packaging and flexible packaging. The so-called rigid photovoltaic module is mainly composed of tempered glass, adhesive layer and back sheet to package the solar photovoltaic cell chip in a sandwich-like structure, plus an aluminum alloy frame and a junction box. Rigid photovoltaic modules are formed. Rigid photovoltaic modules are safe and reliable, but the rigid modules are bulky, and the tempered glass on the surface is fragile and easy to break, and it is not easy to carry. It causes great inconvenience when used in camping, tents, etc. It is generally used for fixed power stations on the ground; The so-called flexible packaged photovoltaic modules are mainly thin-film solar photovoltaic cells prepared on flexible material substrates (stainless steel, polymer, etc.), and then packaged in a sandwich structure using flexible materials to form flexible photovoltaic modules. Features are light weight, thin, rollable and suitable for folding and carrying, suitable for use in camping, tents and other occasions

However, at present, flexible solar photovoltaic cells have high cost and low conversion efficiency, so they can only be used in consumer products and special occasions. Large-scale power stations and grid-connected photovoltaic power stations have not been popularized and applied due to cost reasons.

[0004] In order to have the advantages of light weight of flexible components and overcome the problem of low conversion efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic cells in flexible components, there are many kinds of semi-flexible lightweight photovoltaic components packaged with crystalline silicon solar cells in the military and civilian markets. The product features are Lighter than rigid photovoltaic modules, bendable, high energy density, easy to carry, etc., the structure is between rigid photovoltaic modules and flexible photovoltaic modules, and the conversion efficiency is higher than flexible photovoltaic modules. It is very popular in the mobile market and military market. At present, semi-flexible lightweight photovoltaic modules are pursuing the lightness and softness of solar cells, but at the same time sacrifice the quality of some products, so there are great quality defects. The main reasons for the decline in product quality are: first, crystalline silicon The battery sheet is getting thinner and more fragile, and the chip will be cracked and damaged by external force, which may cause hot spots, especially the crystalline silicon battery has a high current density, and there is a potential risk of fire, and this external force exists in the operation. During installation, transportation, handling, and under the constant load of wind pressure change load and snow pressure, excessive bending and vibration will cause the monocrystalline silicon battery chip to form cracks or even break, especially the general structure of semi-flexible photovoltaic modules is the back A carrier plate is added to protect the monocrystalline silicon battery chip from damage, and the front is packaged with thinner ETFE and hot-melt adhesive film in order to improve the transmittance, often ignoring the damage to the monocrystalline silicon battery chip due to the impact stress from the front. For example, the damage of hail, flying sand and rocks leads to the damage of monocrystalline silicon battery chips, causing hot spots and causing fire risks; second, the influence of water vapor penetration on the insulation resistance of the semi-flexible photovoltaic module system during use will cause the system to fail to work or cause safety hazards due to electric leakage. Accidents, even caused lightning strikes and damage to semi-flexible photovoltaic modules. Under the repeated stress of wind load, the material at the fixed point will deform → tear → delaminate under the stress, and water vapor will enter the interior of the monocrystalline silicon cell chip along the gap, resulting in package failure and reduced insulation; (2) Semi-flexible photovoltaics Modules generally adopt a frameless design. The packaging materials of each layer have been eroded by rain, wind, snow, salt spray, ultraviolet rays, thermal expansion and contraction for a long time, coupled with the damage of changing load stress, semi-flexible photovoltaic modules will begin to split at the edge. layer, causing water vapor to invade the interior of the crystalline silicon cell chip from the edge, resulting in package failure and reduced insulation; (3) semi-flexible photovoltaic modules are generally packaged with polymer materials and hot-melt materials, and the surface packaging material is damaged, resulting in water vapor from The edge or damaged position invades the interior of the crystalline silicon cell chip, resulting in insulation failure; (4) The damage caused by the crystalline silicon cell chip during the use of semi-flexible photovoltaic modules, or the shading of shadows, bird droppings, leaves, etc. will cause local hot spots, making it The packaging material is aged at a relatively high temperature for a long time → cracking → delamination → burnt, reducing insulation

In view of the above problems, Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN112189264A "A Lightweight and Flexible Photovoltaic Module Comprising a Front Layer Made of a Polymer and a Back Layer Made of a Composite Material" provides a partial solution by adding a fiber-based prepreg on the backlight surface. Material-type composite materials and additional layers increase the strength, but they cannot solve the external force damage on the front; thirdly, the current junction boxes of solar photovoltaic modules are traditional junction boxes, which have the following defects: (1) Once the solar photovoltaic module is damaged Or generate hot spots, which can cause the bypass protection diode inside the junction box to conduct for a long time and cause overheating, resulting in a potential fire risk; (2) local damage to photovoltaic modules may lead to a decrease in insulation resistance and affect the operation of the entire system. The existing technology can only Replacing solar photovoltaic modules can not repair and use solar photovoltaic modules, resulting in an increase in cost; (3) When the traditional junction box is connected to a string of photovoltaic modules, the string voltage of the photovoltaic module exceeds the safe voltage of 36V, or even exceeds 1000V. Electric shock safety accidents will occur when operating in special occasions; (4) After the traditional junction box is connected to the string, the voltage exceeds the safe voltage of 36V. Once a fire occurs in the photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic array is a charged body, and firefighters cannot use water to extinguish the fire. Yes, you can only watch the power station burn down, and even cause a huge safety accident

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