The invention relates to an M2M communication network joint clustering and power distribution method based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the following steps: S1, modeling channel gain between M2M equipment and a base station; s2, modeling channel gain between M2M devices; s3, determining a cluster head selection strategy; s4, pairing the cluster members, and determining all combination modes; s5, aiming at various cluster member combination modes, optimizing and determining a cluster head association strategy; s6, determining a cluster member power distribution strategy based on an intra-cluster energy efficiency optimization criterion; and S7, comparing all cluster member combinations, and determining a global optimal clustering and power distribution strategy. According to the invention, the M2M equipment association and resource allocation strategy can be optimized and designed, so that the equipment energy efficiency maximization is realized.