The invention discloses an ecological and economic bank protection structure. The ecological and economic bank protection structure comprises pile foundations, a steel-plastic composite geotechnical grating, a rock mound, a gravel inverted filter layer, a geotechnical fabric and backfilled planting soil which are sequentially arranged from a waterside of a bank protection to a bankside; a sight viewing platform is arranged on the bank protection; the sight viewing platform is provided with a multifunctional guardrail; every two pile foundations are integrally connected by using concrete beams; the steel-plastic composite geotechnical grating is attached onto the pile foundations, an upper part of the steel-plastic composite geotechnical grating is bent and laid to a tail end of the sight viewing platform, and a lower part of the steel-plastic composite geotechnical grating is bent and is pressed below the rock mound; soil fixing vegetation with well-developed root systems is planted in the backfilled planting soil. By using the features that the rock mound dissipates energy and has a pressure reducing effect and no excavation is needed when the pile foundations are used, the ecological and economic bank protection structure has the features that the structure is simple, the erosion resistance is high, the construction working face is small, the construction period is short, the construction cost is low, the ecological and landscape functions are simultaneously considered and the like, and the ecological function of green channel bank protection and the safety and economic performance of the structure are realized.