The invention relates to the technical field of optical spectrum detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting field corn plant leaf threonine content. The device comprises a hanging device, an electric drive trolley and a data processing module, the hanging device comprises a right-angle stretching arm, a universal joint and a bent blade hanging arm, the electric drive trolley comprises a frame, a power device, wheels and a miniature direct-current motor, the data processing module is mounted on a vertical column in the front of the frame, and the hanging device is connected with the electric drive trolley through a connecting rod. The detection method includes the steps: (a) preparing equipment; (b) correcting an optical spectrum whiteboard; (c) adjusting an optical spectrum collecting angle; (d) calculating physical and chemical values. The corn plant leaf threonine content is detected on site, detection in a laboratory is omitted, detecting efficiency is high, corn leaves can be all-dimensionally measured, better measuring angles can be obtained according to natural growth forms of different corn leaves, optical spectrum data in the front and at the back of the leaves are acquired, and the whole device is simple, practical, low in cost and easy to popularize.