1020results about How to "Expand the scope of activities" patented technology

The invention provides rehabilitation training system and method combined with functional electric stimulation and a robot. The system comprises a functional electric stimulation part, a robot part and a control unit which is respectively connected with the functional electric stimulation part and the robot part, wherein the control unit is used for receiving bioelectric signals and controlling the functional electric stimulation part and the robot part at real time according to the mode of adjustable auxiliary proportion of the functional electric stimulation part and the robot part or the mode of adjustable tracking error so that the functional electric stimulation part can stimulate the corresponding muscle groups of a joint of a patient and the robot part can provide a joint auxiliary torque for the patient. The invention can be applied to progressive interactive rehabilitation of elbow joints, wrist joints, knee joints, ankle joints and shoulder joints and can help patients carry out active rehabilitation training in an improved movement space, thereby greatly accelerating the recovery of movement function of joints of affected sides.

The invention discloses a motor function rehabilitation monitoring system based on a wireless body area network. The system comprises a sensor terminal node, a wireless gathering node, a wireless body area network gateway, a personal terminal, a remote medical terminal and an information feedback system, wherein the sensor terminal node comprises a medical sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor unit and a wireless transceiver unit which are sequentially connected, the medical sensor sends collected data into the signal conditioning circuit for preprocessing, and the wireless transceiver unit is controlled to perform wireless transmission after the data is processed by the microprocessor unit; the data collected by the sensor terminal node sequentially passes through the wireless gathering node and the wireless body area network gateway and is respectively transmitted into the personal terminal and the remote medical terminal, and the data is transmitted into the information feedback system after being processed by the remote medical terminal, and is displayed by a 3D model built through the information feedback system. The monitoring system can be used for monitoring the exercise rehabilitation situation of a patient in real time, providing reasonable guidance and advices for subsequent rehabilitation training and improving the rehabilitation training effect.

A combined system of an unmanned ship and an unmanned submersible comprises the unmanned ship located on the water surface and the unmanned submersible located underwater. The unmanned ship and the unmanned submersible are connected through an umbilical cable. A power twisted pair for power supply and duration and a signal line for transmitting control signals and data signals are contained in the umbilical cable. An unreeling system for automatically reeling and unreeling the umbilical cable is arranged on the unmanned ship and comprises an unreeling winch used for twisting the umbilical cable, an unreeling steering engine for controlling the unreeling winch to rotate to reel and unreel the umbilical cable and an encoder for measuring the unreeling length. A butt joint berthing device is arranged between the unmanned ship and the unmanned submersible. By the adoption of the combined system, the umbilical cable is reeled and unreeled through the unreeling system, and the underwater locating accuracy is improved; the unmanned submersible and the unmanned ship can be in butt joint stably through the butt joint berthing device, the butt joint berthing device is driven by the unmanned ship to move on the water surface, and the navigation efficiency is improved; and when underwater observation is needed, the unmanned submersible can be automatically separated from the unmanned ship, and the launching depth of the unmanned ship is controlled through the unreeling system.

The invention discloses a wearable shoulder joint rehabilitation training device. The device has the characteristics of exercise flexibility, wearing comfort and training safety. The device is composed of a movement mechanism and a support adjustment mechanism. The support adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position of the movement mechanism relative to the shoulder joint of the human body, and fix the entire rehabilitation training device at an appropriate position on the back of the human body. The driver of the motion mechanism is four pneumatic muscles in a vertical motion state, which can respectively control the two groups of movements of the upper arm around the shoulder joint, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and the compound movement of these two groups of movements. With the cooperation of the angular displacement and the tension sensor, the active and passive coordinated movement of the movement mechanism and the upper arm can also be realized. The movement mechanism drives the upper arm movement with the help of two sliders for passive movement, which overcomes the problem of upper limb movement difficulties caused by the misalignment between the movement center of the mechanism and the shoulder joint, and ensures the comfort and safety of the training during rehabilitation training .

The invention discloses a bed and chair integrated nursing system with a rotary seat and a urination and defecation processing device. The bed and chair integrated nursing system comprises a bed and chair conversion mechanism and a bed body. The bed body is of a rectangular steel frame structure, and the bed and chair conversion mechanism is placed in the bed body. An opening is arranged on the side face of the bed body, and the bed and chair conversion mechanism moves along a marking line through recognition of a bottom surface paste marking line to achieve butting and separation of a bed and a chair. The bed and chair conversion mechanism can achieve conversion between the bed and the chair and adopts a seat structure capable of rotating 90 degrees so as to enable the bed and the chair to be high in reliability in a butting and separation process. Simultaneously, the urination and defecation processing device is arranged in the bed and chair conversion mechanism, and the problem of urination and defecation processing of a user is solved effectively. The bed and chair integrated nursing system has the advantages of being capable of moving in a narrow space and capable of butting against the bed body to form a bed state, simultaneously having personal hygiene assisting function, effectively solving the problem of urination and defecation self-care of the user and the like, being capable of greatly reducing burden of nursing staff, and simultaneously enlarging activity range and independent living capacity of a person who is cared.

The invention discloses multirobot collision preventing method and system. Robots obtains motion speeds and motion tracks to obtain positions of simulated movements within a preset time and create an environmental map; coordinates of the geometric profile peaks of the robots are sequentially obtained; whether the robots collide with obstacles or other robots or not according to different judgment methods, and time marks are made; all collision marking information and robot position related information are acquired, the environmental map is updated, and the moving speeds and the moving tracks of the robots are adjusted. The collision between the robots and the obstacles or other robots can be greatly avoided, normal operation of most of robots can be effectively ensured, different judgment times can be adopted for predicted collision between the robots and the obstacles and predicted collision between the robots, and the calculation time can be greatly shortened.

The present invention relates to compositions, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprises (A) a dithiino-tetracarboximide of formula (I) and a further fungicidally active compound (B). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and to the treated seed.

The invention provides a control method and device based on an eye movement three-dimensional display angle. The control method based on the eye movement three-dimensional display angle comprises the steps of: predicating a focusing point of a user on a television screen; calculating an included angle between two pupils of the user and the television screen according to the center of the two pupils of the user and the location of the focusing point; and according to the included angle, changing the location of a three-dimensional optical display device in television so that the user is withinthe angle range defined by the directions of light emitted by the three-dimensional optical display device. By predicating the focusing point of the user on the television screen as well as by calculating the included angle between the two pupils of the user and the television screen according to the locations of the focusing point and the two pupils of the user, the location of the three-dimensional optical display device in a television can be changed according to the calculated included angle, so that the user is within the angle range defined by the directions of light emitted by the three-dimensional optical display device, and accordingly, the motion range of the user during television watching is widened.

The invention relates to a traffic guiding system for assisting blind person to pass the intersection, as the prior sound hint system has bad guiding effect. The invention comprises a positioning device, a guide line, an electronic cane and a traffic light controller. Wherein the positioning device is arranged embedded to the ground adjacent to the outlet of the typhlosolis corresponding to the intersection. The guide line is arranged at the road between two positioning devices corresponding to the two sides of the road. The electronic cane and the positioning device establish optical communication with the opposite infrared light transmitting circuit and infrared light detection circuit through respective infrared light detection circuit and the infrared light transmitting circuit. The wireless communication circuit of the traffic light controller is connected with the wireless communication circuit signal of the electronic cane. The invention has simple technology and can obtain the position and direction of advance of blind persons, which is convenient for the traffic light controller to provide relative information and guarantee the safety of blind persons to the maximum.

The invention relates to a sub-station of a hydrogenation station, which can provide services of charging and unloading hydrogen fuels for a fuel battery automobile. The sub-station of the hydrogenation station comprises a traction headstock, a semi-trailer, and an integral skidded part detachably fixed on the semi-trailer, wherein the skidded part is formed by connecting a hydrogen loading system, a high pressure hydrogen-storing system, a hydrogen pressurizing system, a hydrogen unloading system, a high pressure hydrogen charging system, a control system and an auxiliary system. By a compressor for fixing the hydrogenation station, high pressure hydrogen loading capacity of the sub-station is greatly improved, and the compressor is saved so that the sub-station has the advantages of low cost, noise removal, reduced size, simplified operation and maintenance and intensified maneuverability. The self-prepared pressurizing system of the sub-station can greatly improve yield of the hydrogen, and the unloading system can securely unload the vehicle high pressure hydrogen to the sub-station when the fuel battery automobile has a fault. The sub-station of the hydrogenation station can be independently used as an apparatus for charging the hydrogen fuels of the fuel battery automobile, and is more suitable to combine the fixed hydrogenation station to form a high pressure hydrogen charging network with flexible maneuver.

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle, a remote controller and a control method thereof. The unmanned aerial vehicle transmits a signal to the remote controller through a first communication network, and connects the first signal switching command from the remote controller and switches from the first communication network to the second communication network according to the first signal switching command in order to send a signal to the remote controller. The remote controller receives the first signal switching command generated by the receiving user operation and switches from the first communication network to the second communication network according to the first signal switching instruction in order to transmit the signal to the unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle and the remote controller have two transceivers to communicate with each other through a first communication network and a second communication network.

The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, especially to an unmanned aerial vehicle taking-off and landing method and system based on a mobile platform. The mobile platform is provided with a control device configured to control taking-off and landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle taking-off and landing method comprises a taking-off process and a landing process, the taking-off process comprises the steps that: the control device sends a taking-off command to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle determinesthat when the unmanned aerial vehicle itself meets a taking-off condition, the unmanned aerial vehicle executes the taking-off motion, and the landing process comprises the steps that: the unmanned aerial vehicle collects relative position information between the unmanned aerial vehicle itself and the mobile platform and flies to the position above the mobile platform to execute landing motion when determining that the unmanned aerial vehicle meets a landing condition until landing onto the mobile platform. The method and the system allow the unmanned aerial vehicle to achieve taking-off andlanding on a support platform in a mobile state so as to enlarge the motion range of the unmanned aerial vehicle and reduce the time cost of the unmanned aerial vehicle for task execution.

The invention discloses a virtual simulation system and method of an antagonistic event with a net based on three-dimensional multi-image display. The system comprises a network connection module, a game logic module, an interaction control module, a physical engine module, a three-dimensional rendering module and a dual-image projection display module, wherein the network connection module comprises a server sub-module and a client sub-module and is used for network communication and data transmission; the game logic module is used for storing game rules, controlling the play of character animation and performing mapping by position; the interaction control module is used for controlling corresponding game characters in a virtual tennis game scene to move and shooting three-dimensional images of different sight points; the physical engine module is used for efficiently and vividly simulating the physical effects of a tennis ball, such as rebound and collision through a physical engine and enabling the game scene to be relatively real and vivid. According to the system, the three-dimensional multi-image display operation can be performed on a same display screen, and the same game scene can be rendered in real time based on different sight angles.

The invention is directed to a combination of flibanserin or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and caffeine or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof for the treatment of Sexual Disorders in humans, particularly women.

The invention discloses a cylindrical coordinate type robot which comprises a base (1) and a guide mechanism vertically arranged on the base (1). A telescopic arm mechanism capable of horizontally and telescopically moving is connected to the guide mechanism, and the telescopic arm mechanism can do vertical ascending and descending motion along the guide mechanism. The front end of the telescopic arm mechanism is connected with a grabbing mechanism, and a base rotating mechanism driving the whole to rotate is arranged on the base (1). The cylindrical coordinate type robot is simple in structure, low in cost, small in occupied area, large in moving range, high in universality and suitable for medium and small batch automatic production with production varieties changed constantly.

The invention relates to a wheelchair and a method thereof. The wheelchair comprises a chair frame and a front lifting device and a rear lifting device which are arranged below the chair frame; the chair frame comprises a chair seat, a cushion part connected to the chair seat in a sliding mode, a pedal part rotatably connected to the front end of the cushion part, a first driving component used for driving the cushion part to slide and a second driving component used for driving the pedal part to rotate; the pedal part is provided with a telescopic end and a driving wheel set arranged at the front end of the telescopic end; the front lifting device is provided with a left front wheel set and a right front wheel set; the driving wheel set, the left front wheel set and the right front wheel set are driven through a hub motor; the chair seat is provided with a front driving component used for driving the front lifting device to rise and fall and a rear driving component used for driving the rear lifting device to rise and fall; the front driving component and the rear driving component are fixed to the chair frame. According to the wheel chair and the method thereof, the requirements of a user for lying and getting on or off the wheelchair can be met.

The invention discloses a surveillance camera cleaning device comprising a hollow telescopic rod. A hand-holding end of the telescopic rod is provided with an isolation handle. The top end of the telescopic rod is provided with a cleaning mechanism used for cleaning a surveillance camera. The cleaning mechanism can rotate through a twist driving mechanism arranged at the top end of the telescopic rod. The twist driving mechanism is fixedly connected on a panel at the top end of the telescopic rod. The panel is further fixedly arranged on a water spraying mechanism used for spraying water to the surveillance camera. The surveillance camera cleaning device is simple in structure, convenient to produce and high in automation, cleaning efficiency can be improved greatly, traces of water, foam and the like can be prevented from being left on the surface of the surveillance camera, and cleaning quality is improved.

The invention discloses an intravascular ultrasonic focusing method, focusing diagnostic device and focusing energy transducer. The intravascular ultrasonic focusing method comprises: sending an intravascular ultrasonic focusing diagnostic device to a far-end of a site of lesion; emittingultrasonic signals at 360 DEG to the inside of a blood vessel. The intravascular ultrasonic focusing diagnostic device includes an ultrasonic catheter, awithdrawing / drive apparatus and anelectronic imaging system. The front end of the ultrasonic catheter is provided with the intravascular ultrasonic focusing energy transducer. The rear end of the ultrasonic catheter is connected to the withdraw / drive apparatus which is connected to the electronic imaging system. The intravascular ultrasonic focusing energy transducer includes ultrasonic energy transducer units and a focusing unit. The ultrasonic energy transducer units serve to emitultrasonic signals and receive an ultrasonic signal that is reflected. The focusing unit serves to focus the ultrasonic signalemitted by the ultrasonic energy transducer unit. According to the invention, the resolution of the diagnostic device is increased and the signal to noise ratio of the imaging of the diagnostic deviceis increasedby using intravascular ultrasonic focusing technology, so that the diagnosis precision is increased.

The invention relates to a liquid transport interface for on-orbit autonomous refueling of a satellite and belongs to the technical field of on-orbit refueling of satellites. The liquid transport interface comprises an active end on a service satellite and a passive end on a target satellite; when the active end of the interface for on-orbit refueling is axially fed to a certain position, balls fall into a locking groove of the passive end of the interface, a solenoid valve is powered on to work, and the armature of a locking device of the active end presses the balls into the locking groove of the passive end of the interface, so that locking of the active end and the passive end of the interface for on-orbit refueling is achieved. After refueling is finished, the solenoid valve is powered on again, a valve core moves in reverse, the steel balls get out of the groove under the action of axial forces from springs, so that fast separation of the active end and the passive end of the interface for on-orbit refueling is achieved.

The invention discloses a tea-garden-type goose raising method. The tea-garden-type goose raising method comprises the steps that a plot of land, suitable for raising gooses, in a tea garden is chosen; the gooses are raised according to the three phases that epidemic prevention work for the gooses raised in the tea garden is well prepared, and reasonable putting and raising are conducted on the gooses raised in the tea garden, and reasonable rotation grazing is conducted on the gooses raised in the tea garden. Being raised in the tea garden, the gooses do activities in the garden, ventilating conducted among plants is enhanced, and the gooses peck weeds in the garden to reduce feeding amount and help tea trees to remove insect attack, and increase organic fertilizers. When a group of gooses is put and raised in a field in a group mode, because activity ranges are enlarged and activity intensity is increased, the resistance of the goose group is improved, epidemic diseases are reduced, and meat quality and economic benefits are better. Because the goose group is grazed in the tea garden, all kinds of resources are effectively used, the purposes that the allocation of the resources is optimized and the resources are efficiently used are achieved, and the mutually-beneficial and mutual-promoting healthy cultivation model with the coordination of farming and animal husbandry and the matching of planting and breeding is achieved.

The present invention discloses a roaming method of wireless internet-of-things device based on LoRa. The method comprises the following steps that: a node device sends a network access request to gateways: the node device sends a broadcast message to require communication with all the gateways in a communication range of the node device, the node device obtains an MAC address returned by the gateways, and the node device sends a network access request to the gateways; S2, the node device dynamically obtains the signal intensity indication received by all the gateways in the communication range of the node device: the node device sends the broadcast message in the heartbeat to obtain the signal intensity indication received by all the gateways in the communication range of the node device;and S3, the node device selects connection with a certain gateway according to the signal intensity indication of the gateways. The node device can freely move between the gateways to automatically and seamlessly achieve switching between the gateways so as to greatly improve the motion range of the node device.

The invention discloses an adjustable barrel-clamping mechanical arm in an electroplating device. The adjustable barrel-clamping mechanical arm comprises a mounting frame, wherein a first motor is arranged in the middle of the front end side wall of the mounting frame and is in driving connection with a rotating shaft, a first mounting plate is fixed to the other end of the rotating shaft, a second motor is installed in the middle of the front end wall of the first mounting plate, and is in driving connection with a threaded rod, an inner threaded sleeve is arranged outside the threaded rod in a sleeving mode, electric push rods are hinged to the two sides of the inner threaded sleeve, the other ends of the electric push rods are hinged to sliding sleeves, first clamping arms are fixed on the sliding sleeves, and the other ends of the first clamping arms are connected with second clamping arms, wherein clamping devices are arranged on the inner sides of the second clamping arms. The adjustable barrel-clamping mechanical arm in the electroplating device is provided with the threaded rod, the inner threaded sleeve, the electric push rods, the sliding sleeves, the first clamping arms and the second clamping arms; the movable range of the first clamping arms and the second clamping arms is wide so that barrels with different diameters can be clamped; and the clamping devices are arranged so that the clamping positions of the barrels can be adjusted, and the barrels with different heights can be clamped.

The invention discloses an obstacle-crossing wall-climbing robot with a wall surface converting function. The obstacle-crossing wall-climbing robot comprises two single wall-climbing robot bodies and a pitching deflection mechanism; the two single wall-climbing robot bodies are connected through the pitching deflection mechanism in the middle; each single wall-climbing robot body comprises a brushless motor, a motor base, a motor supporting frame, centrifugal fan blades, a robot shell body, motion mechanisms and a sealing gasket. The brushless motors drive the centrifugal fan blades to rotate to pump out air inside the robot shell bodies, so that negative pressure is formed inside the robot shell bodies, and accordingly the robot bodies are adsorbed on the wall. The pitching deflection mechanism can assist the robot bodies to cross obstacles and turn. The double-body wall-climbing robot can move flexibly on the surface of the wall and can cross grooves and large protruding obstacles in the wall and complete conversion between the adjacent wall surfaces, so that the motion range of the wall-climbing robot is effectively increased.

A shock absorber piston assembly and a self-adjusting damping shock absorber comprising same relate to a shock absorber part and a shock absorber; the shock absorber piston assembly comprises a main piston, a floating piston, and an auxiliary working cylinder; the inner hole of the main piston is fixedly connected with the excircle of the auxiliary working cylinder; one end of the auxiliary working cylinder is fixedly connected with a piston rod; a clamping ring, the floating piston and a floating piston reset spring are respectively installed in the auxiliary working cylinder; and the inner cylinder wall of the auxiliary working cylinder is axially provided with a throttling groove; the shape of the longitudinal section of the throttling groove is a trapezoid or a multi-level ladder-shaped structure. The self-adjusting damping shock absorber comprising the shock absorber piston assembly comprises an oil storage tank, a working cylinder, a piston assembly, and a shock absorber spring, and the piston assembly is the shock absorber piston assembly. The invention can automatically adjust the damping, has very good shock-absorbing effect, and also has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable performance, long service life, and the like, and ensures the running ride comfort and the stability of the vehicle.

The invention relates to a vision measurement system and method based on combination of global feature and local feature. The vision measurement system comprises a platform type binocular camera, a mechanical arm, a mechanical arm hand-eye camera and an on-board computer. The platform type binocular camera is mounted at a permanent position of a satellite body; the mechanical arm hand-eye camera is mounted at the front end of the mechanical arm, and is fixed to a permanent position of the satellite body before the mechanical arm is unfolded; and a diffuse-reflection cooperative target point is adhered to the back end of the mechanical arm hand-eye camera. Besides, the on-board computer is mounted on the satellite body and capable of controlling movement of the satellite body, is connected with the platform type binocular camera and the mechanical arm hand-eye camera through electronic circuits, and is connected with the mechanic arm through an electronic circuit so as to control movement of the mechanical arm. The vision measurement system and method can cover working distance no matter the distance is far, near or super-near, thereby realizing high-precision vision measurement to non-cooperative satellite targets.

A stereomicroscope without eyepiece with display using microscope camera belongs to a photoelectric instrument technical field. The invention provides a stereomicroscope without eyepiece with display using microscope camera. The stereomicroscope without eyepiece with display using microscope camera comprises a platform, a left and right light path system, a split-image prism group, a pick-up head, an overviewing and displaying device and the like. The object planes of the left and right object lens are on the platform and the micro object is amplified by the left and right object lens and imaged by the split-image prism group and then the image is picked up by the pick-up head and the amplified stereo image is seen by the human eyes by overviewing the display and reflecting by the turning lens. When the eyes relief of the operating state of close clinging to the eye lens and visual sense being high tired, therefore the eyes have a wider motion range.

The invention discloses a transfer robot, comprising an AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle), a grabbing arm and a main controller, wherein the AGV comprises a body and a transfer chassis, the main controller is arranged in the body, and a material storage box and an automatic positioning mechanism are arranged on the body; the grabbing arm comprises a base, a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm, a third connecting arm, a fourth connecting arm and a fifth connecting arm sequentially in rotating connection, wherein one end of each connecting arm is connected with the base in a rotating mode, the base is fixedly arranged on the AGV, a grabbing mechanism is arranged on the fifth connecting arm, the grabbing mechanism comprises a pneumatic grabbing head and a sucking disc which can be switched automatically, and a visual acquisition mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the grabbing mechanism; and the grabbing mechanism, the transfer chassis, the grabbing arm, the visual acquisition mechanism and the positioning mechanism are electrically connected with the main controller respectively. By effectively combining fixed point material placement and automatic movement together, the working efficiency is improved, the activity range is enlarged, the transfer robot can automatically grab and transfer objects, and the transfer robot is good in safety and high in reliability.

The invention discloses an upper-limb exoskeleton robot four-degree-of-freedom forearm. The upper-limb exoskeleton robot four-degree-of-freedom forearm comprises a palm cover, a forearm base plate, asliding plate, an elbow inward-outward rotating module, a wrist flexion and extension module and a wrist radioulnar flexion module; regarding the first degree of freedom of the forearm, the forearm rotates around a wrist flexion and extension rotary shaft; regarding the second degree of freedom, the whole forearm conducts inward and outward rotating motion around a forearm center shaft in the armlength direction; regarding the third degree of freedom, the palm conducts flexion and extension motion around the dorsi-flexion and dorsi-extension of the wrist joint, and regarding the fourth degreeof freedom, the palm conducts radial flexion and ulnar flexion motion around a rotary shaft which is perpendicular to the hand back and passes through the midpoint of the rotary shaft. According to the upper-limb exoskeleton robot four-degree-of-freedom forearm, four degrees of freedom are provided, namely the flexion and extension, inward rotation, and outward rotation of the elbow joint, and the flexion and extension, radial flexion and ulnar flexion of the wrist joint; meanwhile, all degree-of-freedom rotary shafts coincide with the degree-of-freedom rotary shafts of the human body, and itis guaranteed that the upper-limb exoskeleton is more flexible in the process of driving the arm to move and various kinds of rehabilitation motion can be guaranteed, so that the upper-limb rehabilitation treatment is more comprehensive.

Active compound combinations are disclosed which comprise (A) a dithiino-tetracarboximide of formula (I) and a further insecticidally active compound (B). Methods for controlling animal pests such as insects and / or unwanted acarids and for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops are also disclosed as well as the use of a composition according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and to the treated seed.