The invention discloses a road defect detection method based on an improved RT-DETR-R18 model. A
backbone network adopts a CSPNet architecture. According to the invention, innovative improvement is carried out on an original C2f module, and
Bottleneck in the original C2f module is replaced by DynamicIncMixerBlock to form a C2fDCMB module. The DynamicIncMixerBlock is characterized in that a DynamicIncMixerBlock is fused with a DynamicInceptionMixer component and a ConvolutionalGLU component, and the DynamicIncMixerBlock and the ConvolutionalGLU component are fused with each other. A dynamic Inception deep
convolution structure is adopted by the DynamicInception Mixer, and features of different scales and directions are adaptively captured through dynamic kernel
weight distribution; according to the method, AIFI (intra-scale feature interaction) in a high-efficiency
hybrid encoder is improved, a module is combined with an EfficentAdditiveAttach and a feedforward
network structure to form TransformerEncoder LayerEfficentAdditiveAttach, a RepC3 module is replaced by a RetBlockC3 module in a cross-scale
feature fusion module (CCFM) through a multi-head attention mechanism and a nonlinear
activation function, the RetBlockC3 is improved based on the RepC3, RetBlock and RelPos2d are introduced, and the RetBlock and RelPos2d are introduced into the RetBlockC3 module to form a multi-scale
feature fusion module. According to the method, the accuracy,
recall rate and detection speed of road defect detection are obviously superior to those of a traditional detection model, and a more accurate and efficient technical solution is provided for maintenance of road infrastructures and traffic safety guarantee.