The invention provides a method and a structure for adjusting the vertical rigidity of a primary suspension device. The primary suspension device comprises a base, conical springs and limiting stoppers, each conical spring comprises a rubber body and a mandrel, a stopping hole is formed in the lower end of a bogie, the upper end of the mandrel is installed in the stopping hole of the bogie, and cavities are formed in the rubber body and the mandrel; the two conical springs are arranged in the base side by side in the longitudinal direction, the limiting stoppers are arranged in the cavities ofthe conical springs, each limiting stopper comprises a stop base and a stop rod, and the stop rod is integrally formed above the stop base; and an axle box is provided with an axle box seat, the baseis installed in the axle box seat, and when the bogie moves relative to the axle box in the vertical direction and the lower end of the mandrel abuts against the stop seats in the vertical direction,the primary suspension device can generate variable rigidity in the vertical direction. The capacity of a vehicle for passing through a small-curvature-radius curve can be remarkably improved, the primary suspension space is greatly saved, and the weight of the bogie is reduced.