Waste power lithium battery automated splitting all-components clean recovery method

Abstract

A waste power lithium battery automated splitting all-components clean recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps: conveying discharged waste single power batteries into a shell cutting device through a feeding conveyer, cutting off end caps of the single batteries, pushing out battery cells, cutting the battery cells into blocks through a battery cell cutting device, recovering shell materials, simultaneously sending the battery cell blocks into an organic solvent and rinsing, collecting the solvent and concentrating and recovering an electrolyte, distilling the solvent for recycling, drying the battery cell block materials, sorting out plastic diaphragms and positive and negative plates by an eddy current separation method, sorting out positive plates and negative plates continuously through a magnetic separation method, immersing positive plates with water and drying and carrying out material separation and sorting by a rolling mill screening method, recovering to obtain clean cathode material powder and cathode aluminium foils, and separating and sorting negative plates by the same method.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of power lithium battery recycling, and in particular relates to a process method for automatic dismantling and separation of waste power lithium battery monomer materials and clean recovery of all components. Background technique [0002] As my country's policies to resolve the contradiction between fossil energy and environmental protection continue to increase, new energy electric vehicles have become an important development direction of the automobile industry. While electric vehicles begin to use power lithium batteries in large quantities, how to solve the problem of comprehensive recycling of power lithium batteries after decommissioning has become an urgent issue in the new energy vehicle and energy storage industries. The main structural material of the power lithium battery cell is a positive electrode sheet (made by coating the positive electrode material on both sides of the aluminum foil), a pl...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The existing problem is: since the electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is heated or meets the moisture in the air, it will decompose toxic and corrosive fluoride, and the prior art has no effective recovery and treatment method for fluoride, so it will affect the water quality and The air pollutes the environment, and at the same time causes a waste of resources for electrolyte and diaphragm materials; the sorting and recovery of the overall battery crushing technology is the mixed doped powder of positive and negative materials, which is valuable for subsequent hydrometallurgical extraction. In terms of recycling methods such as repairing and recycling electrode materials, the mixing of positive and negative electrode materials is not an ideal separation and separation method for electrode materials; the overall crushing and screening of the battery cell is the debris of copper foil and aluminum foil The mixture needs to be sorted again by specific gravity sorting and other methods, which will definitely increase the recycling cost; some patents mention that copper foil scraps and aluminum foil scraps are separated by a copper-aluminum sorting machine, which is actually impossible to achieve , because the copper-aluminum separator in the prior art refers to the separation between non-metallic materials and non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum), and cannot separate the scraped copper foil and aluminum foil that have been mixed together sorting between them; the battery cells are discharged in aqueous solution, mechanically disassembled, calcined to remove organic matter, crushed and sieved, etc., are placed in one system. The second is that the discharge and calcination of large-scale battery cells take a long time, which cannot be balanced with the rhythm of mechanical dismantling and crushing processes, and is not suitable for most power lithium batteries to achieve large-scale and automated production

The problem is that the amount of electrolyte in the waste power lithium battery is very small, and it adheres to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell and the plastic separator in a wet state, and in the small gaps of many tightly wrapped windings or superimposed layers. And the electrolyte has a certain viscosity, and the electrolyte will not flow out after the shell of the waste battery is disassembled. In addition, the positive and negative electrodes and diaphragms of the battery are all impermeable materials. The method of collecting tanks cannot effectively recover the electrolyte; there are patents that use manual methods in a closed glove box to sort positive and negative electrodes and separators

The problem is that the method of manually separating positive and negative electrodes and separators can only be operated in a small amount in the laboratory, and cannot be applied to large-scale and automated production.

[0006] In short, the disadvantages of the existing dismantling and recycling technology of waste power lithium battery cells are: (1) The method of dismantling the battery cells is simple, which cannot create favorable preconditions for the subsequent sorting and recycling of all component materials

(2) The method of heating or calcining the battery cell as a whole will make the electrolyte and plastic diaphragm in the battery cell components unable to be recycled, and the electrolyte in the electrolyte will also produce corrosive and toxic fluorine due to thermal decomposition compounds, and cause environmental pollution because it is not easy to effectively deal with, and also waste resources of electrolyte and diaphragm materials

(3) The method of collecting the electrolyte with a recovery tank or a centrifugal bucket cannot actually achieve the recovery effect due to the influence of the special structure and material properties of the battery cell, so the electrolyte in the electrolyte will be exposed to the air during the subsequent recovery process. decomposes into fluoride and causes environmental pollution

⑷. It is impossible to achieve large-scale and automatic production by manually or envisaging the method of separating the positive and negative electrodes and separators with a rewinding machine

⑸. The overall crushing method of the battery cell makes the positive electrode material, negative electrode material, aluminum foil and copper foil mixed seriously, and it is impossible to realize the clean separation and sorting of the battery pack material, and the final result can only be a mixture of positive and negative electrode material powder and Aluminum foil scraps and copper foil scraps with low purity

⑹. Using the overall heating or calcination method of the battery plus the method of crushing, vibrating screening and wind sorting is easy to produce harmful gas, dust and noise environmental pollution, and cannot realize the clean production of the whole process of battery dismantling and sorting

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