The present disclosure provides, among other things, methods, compositions, and uses for treating diseases or disorders characterized by elevated red blood cells using β2
adrenergic receptor antagonists such as β2-specific
adrenergic receptor antagonists (e.g., ICI-118551, butaxamine, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) or β1 / β2-specific
adrenergic receptor antagonists (e.g.,
propranolol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof). Also provided are methods, compositions, and uses for decreasing erythroid differentiation using the same. Provided methods of treatment comprise administering an effective amount of a β2-specific
adrenergic receptor antagonist or a β1 / β2-specific
adrenergic receptor antagonist to a patient in need thereof. Also provided are methods, compositions, and uses for ICI-118551 in treating splenomegaly, splenic erythroid
hyperplasia, and / or splenic architecture effacement.