The invention provides application of guluronic acid oligomers in preparing medicines, health products or dietary supplements for preventing and treating alcoholic liver injury. Guluronic acid oligomers with different molecular weights, which are obtained by degrading polyguluronic acid graded and purified from algin, can lower the hepatosomatic index increase caused by alcoholic injury, resist triglyceride and cholesterol increase caused by alcohol, effectively lower glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increase in serum caused by alcohol, enhance the total oxidation resistance, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in the serum, inhibit the generation of malonaldehyde in the liver caused by alcohol, lower the mouse drunkenness rate, prolong the mouse drunkenness time, and shorten the sober-up time, thereby implementing the protective action and hangover alleviating function on alcoholic hepatic injury. The products provided by the invention are derived from marine natural products, have the advantages of abundant resources, high industrialization tendency, high safety, high effectiveness and the like, and have wide development and application prospects in the aspects of prevention and treatment of alcoholic hepatic injury, hangover alleviation and liver protection.