The present invention provides a surface treatment composition and a surface treatment method capable of forming a film having excellent corrosion resistance, fingerprint resistance, blackening resistance, paint adhesion, etc. on the surface of a metal material. It contains an aqueous medium and the following components: (A) metal ions selected from Mn ions, Co ions, Zn ions, Mg ions, Ni ions, Ti ions, V ions and Zr ions, (B) having at least 4 fluorine atoms and elements selected from Ti, Zr, Si, Hf, Al and B, (C) has active hydrogen-containing amino, epoxy, vinyl, mercapto and methacryloxy Silane coupling agent with selected reactive functional groups, and (D) aqueous emulsification using resin selected from cationic or nonionic polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin and polyamide resin as the resin component Resin composition for surface treatment of metal materials and method for surface treatment of metal materials using the same.