The invention relates to the technical field of liquid ammonia safety protection, in particular to an emergency treatment device for the leakage of a liquid ammonia storage tank. The emergency treatment device comprises a detection mechanism for detecting ammonia gas and a spraying mechanism for diluting the ammonia gas, and the emergency treatment device further comprises a sleeve sleeved outside the liquid ammonia storage tank, one end of the sleeve is sealed, the other end of the sleeve is open, and a plurality of partition plates are axially arranged in the sleeve. The free ends of the partition plates are in sliding connection with the surface of the liquid ammonia storage tank, the partition plates divide the space between the sleeve and the liquid ammonia storage tank into a plurality of blocking cavities, an air bag is arranged in each blocking cavity, the air bags are fixed to the sleeve, each air bag communicates with an air pump, and the air pumps are used for inflating and deflating the air bags; and the detection mechanism comprises an ammonia gas detector, the ammonia gas detector is arranged on the face, close to the liquid ammonia storage tank, of the air bag, the ammonia gas detector is electrically connected with a controller, the controller is electrically connected with an alarm, and the controller is further electrically connected with the spraying mechanism and the air pump. According to the emergency treatment device, the air bags are inflated to block a leakage area, and further leakage of ammonia gas is effectively avoided.