The invention relates to a preparation method of a
graphene /
phase change composite material with a gradient structure. The preparation process comprises the following four parts: firstly, preparing
graphene hydrogel with different porosities by a hydrothermal method; then putting the obtained
graphene hydrogel into a
quartz mold of which the bottom is in contact with
copper plates with different pre-freezing temperatures by utilizing an ice template method, freezing water in the hydrogel from bottom to upper surface, and enabling
ice crystals to vertically and radially grow from the bottom; freeze-
drying the graphene
aerogel in a freeze-
drying machine to obtain graphene
aerogel with different porosities and different pore diameters; a layer of graphene
oxide solution is sprayed on the surface of
aerogel needing
welding, then a layer of hydrazine
hydrate solution is sprayed, the two surfaces are tightly attached, and the integrated graphene aerogel with the gradient aperture structure is obtained after the
solvent is naturally volatilized. In order to optimize the
heat transfer performance, the graphene aerogel with large
porosity and
large aperture should be placed on the bottom layer, and the graphene aerogel with small
porosity and small aperture should be placed on the top layer; and finally, obtaining the graphene /
phase change composite material with the gradient structure through a vacuum impregnation method. The gradient structure facilitates rapid heat absorption close to a heat source, has enough heat conduction channels far away from the heat source, and facilitates improvement of heat utilization of the
phase change composite material, optimization of a
heat transfer structure and shortening of heat charging and discharging time.