Honeycomb polymer-based bionic porous scaffold material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a honeycomb polymer-based bionic porous scaffold material and a preparation method thereof. Natural plant tissues are used as templates. The method comprises the following steps of: performing vacuum carbonation, melting, permeating in water-soluble salt, performing oxidation and carbon removal on the templates to obtain template carrying porous salt, and finally performing the processes of vacuum / pressure biological macromolecular solution soaking, vacuum drying, desalting treatment and the like to prepare the honeycomb polymer-based bionic porous scaffold material. The prepared bionic porous scaffold material has a honeycomb porous structure based on the plant tissues, the porosity is 70 to 95 percent, and the aperture is 10 to 160 microns. The preparation methodis widely applied to water-insoluble biological macromolecular materials, and is easy to realize regulation and control of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of porous scaffolds. The honeycomb polymer-based bionic porous scaffold material and the preparation method thereof have special significance for realizing regenerative repair of defective tissues of peripheral nerves, muscle tendons, ligaments and the like with longitudinal morphology by using tissue engineering technology, and have broad practical application prospect.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomaterials, in particular to the field of tissue engineering technology regeneration and repair of longitudinal morphology tissue defects; in particular, it relates to a honeycomb polymer-based biomimetic porous scaffold material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Tissue engineering, as a new regenerative medicine repair technology, has very attractive prospects for clinical application, so it has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world. Tissue engineering is to plant seed cells in biodegradable three-dimensional porous biomaterials, culture, proliferate and differentiate to a certain extent in vitro or in vivo, and then transplant into the body to be repaired to continue to grow, so as to realize the regeneration and repair of tissue or organ structure or function. A class of technology. This technology is expected to replace the autologous / allogeneic tran...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] The traditional preparation methods of tissue engineering porous scaffolds, such as porogen method, foaming method, solution pouring / filtration method and classical phase separation method, cannot be applied to the regeneration of tissues with longitudinal morphology because they cannot prepare oriented pore structures. repair

At present, the main technologies for constructing honeycomb porous scaffold materials for tissue engineering are as follows. Obtaining a honeycomb pore structure has the advantage of having a simulated pore structure and composition, but there are problems such as fast degradation, low strength, residual cell debris and immunogenicity, and it is not suitable for preservation and direct application; (2) One-way temperature gradient Freeze-drying method: It realizes the directional growth of ice by applying a unidirectional temperature field to the polymer solution, and forms a parallel tubular pore structure after sublimation. The advantage is that the average pore Poor connectivity between pores, irregular pore shape, uneven pore size distribution, etc.; (3) metal fine needle template method: usually using parallel arrays of metal wires / needles as a mold, combined with methods such as phase separation, to obtain many uniaxially oriented Tube holes, which have the advantage that the holes are arranged in a regular and circular shape, but the fatal disadvantage is that the tube hole diameter is hardly less than 100 μm and the number of microtubules is small, which does not match the pore size range (10-100 μm) of the basement membrane tubes of natural peripheral nerves and other tissues; (4) Polymer fiber template method: Embed soluble fibers in cross-linkable polymers, cross-link and solidify, and selectively dissolve and remove fibers to obtain hydrogels with longitudinal channels, but the fiber orientation of this method is uncontrollable (5) High-voltage electrospinning method: porous scaffolds composited with micro / nano fibers can be obtained, and there are many types of applicable materials, and fiber bundles arranged in parallel can be obtained by directional electrospinning, but the pores of the obtained porous scaffolds The problem of shape and fiber gap size control has not been solved; (6) Micro / nano patterned two-dimensional membranes to build three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds: this new technology can obtain precise pattern sizes, but the transition from two-dimensional membranes to three-dimensional porous scaffolds In the process, it is not yet possible to solve the interlayer connectivity and maintain the shape of the pattern

In addition, rapid prototyping technology has received more and more attention in recent years, and it has been tried to be used in the preparation of porous scaffolds with tubular pores. However, because the pore size preparation accuracy is currently difficult to be less than 100 μm, it is impossible to prepare porous scaffolds for bionic nerves, tendons, and ligaments. Stent (SJ Hollister. Nat Mater, 2005, 4: 518~524)

In addition, there is also a method of combining hollow tubes and longitudinally arranged fiber bundles for longitudinal tissue regeneration and repair, that is, to construct longitudinally parallel fiber bundles inside the hollow tube as an internal scaffold structure, compared with simple As far as the hollow tube is concerned, the mechanical properties of the stent can be significantly improved, but it is not a real bionic stent

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