The invention is applicable to the field of embedded devices and provides a file searching method, a file searching device and file searching equipment based on an embedded device. The method comprises the following steps: through establishment of a link list, when a searching request is received, according to keywords in the searching request, taking an initial node as a searching node and beginning searching; if a new directory is found, adding a node behind an existing node in the link list; if a file or a directory matched with the keywords is searched, storing an absolute path and file information of the file or/and an absolute path and directory information of the directory in a storage list; and if the link list has a next node, moving the searching node to the next node till all the nodes are searched. By the method, the device and the equipment, the directory required to be searched is stored in the link list; and under the conditions that small CPU (central processing unit) resources, stack resources and cache resources are occupied, sequential transverse search of the embedded device on a tree-structured directory is achieved and the normal working of the embedded device is ensured.