The invention discloses a high efficient photo-bioreactor for the culture of photosynthetic bacteria, which consists of a control system, a transparent cylindrical barrel body, an internal light source, an internal modulator tube sleeve brush, a water circulation flow guide device, a heating device and an electronic cooling device. The photo-bioreactor is characterized in that: the system is totally sealed; the internal light source and an external natural light source can be utilized simultaneously, the internal light source is arranged at the centre of the barrel body and protected by a quartziferous modulator tube sleeve, and the outer wall of which is provided with the lift type annular brush; the water circulation flow guide device is positioned at one side of the barrel body and comprises a mini submerged pump and a water circulation guide pipe; the lower end of the water circulation guide pipe is connected with a pump and the 1/3 upper part is provided with a column of water circulation outlets, direction of which is not vertical to the tangent plane of the barrel wall at the closer side, thus ensuring liquid in the reactor is fully stirred under anaerobic conditions; and the heating device and the cooling device are integrated in the water circulation guide pipe. The photo-bioreactor has convenient operation, low cost and safe production and can fulfill high efficient and continuous culture of photosynthetic bacteria.