Various methods, systems and apparatus for associating fictitious user identities (e.g. screen names, user names, email addresses, handles, etc.) used in electronic communications (e.g. over
the internet or mobile network via
instant messenger, e-mail, social networks, ecommerce, auction websites, etc.) with real personal information (e.g. the true identity of an individual such as their name, address, credit
score, driving
record, mobile number, etc.) are disclosed. One such method may include discovering, verifying and storing real personal information, associated with fictitious user identities and email addresses. The method may further include allowing a remote user or service to submit a fictitious user identity and a query requesting real-
user information associated with the submitted fictitious user identity. In one possible embodiment, a targeted-advertising service may utilize real
user information, associated with a fictitious user name, to target advertisements at the user of the fictitious user name.