In a channel listening method, a non-simultaneous transmit and receive multi-link device (NSTR MLD) receives a first response frame on a first link and a second response frame on a second link, wherein an end time of the first response frame is later than an end time of the second response frame, and the first link and the second link belong to a NSTR link pair. The NSTR MLD determines that at least one of the first response frame and the second response frame fails to be received. In response to the determination, the NSTR MLD performs channel listening in a first interframe space after the first response frame ends, wherein a duration of the first interframe space is less than or equal to a duration of a
point coordination function interframe space (PIFS).