The invention discloses a musical instrument wireless transmission system based on 2.4G wireless digital audio technology which includes a musical instrument wireless emitter and a wireless receiver. The emitter and the receiver are matched into a receiving/transmitting system; the system uses self-adaptive frequency hopping technology in international 2.4G ISM frequency band, can automatic avoid strong jamming frequency band, and has high audio transmission quality and stronger communication confidentiality; the musical instrument wireless emitter includes musical instrument pickup device part, audio preprocessor part, AD convertor part, coding demodulation part, RF transmitting part, LCD display part and electrical source part; the musical instrument wireless receiver includes RF receiver part, demodulation decoding part, DA convertor part, audio output processing part, USB recording access part, LCD state display part and electrical source part. The musical instrument wireless transmission system solves problems of large noise and wiring in disorder caused by traditional audio cable connection in stage; conveniences of wireless connection abandons cable that limits bandsman move in musical instrument thoroughly, gives enough free acting space to bandsman.