Provided herein are devices, systems, and methods of employing the same for the performance of 
bioinformatics analysis. The apparatuses and methods of the disclosure are directed in part to large scale 
graphene FET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits employing the same for 
analyte measurements. The present GFET sensors, arrays, and integrated circuits may be fabricated using conventional 
CMOS processing techniques based on improved GFET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense GFET sensor based arrays. Improved fabrication techniques employing 
graphene as a 
reaction layer provide for rapid 
data acquisition from small sensors to large and dense arrays of sensors. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and / or concentration changes of various 
analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and / or biological processes, including 
DNA hybridization and / or sequencing reactions. Accordingly, GFET arrays facilitate 
DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in 
hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other 
analyte concentration, and / or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to 
DNA synthesis within a gated 
reaction chamber of the GFET based sensor.