The invention relates to a method for environmentally and efficiently preparing polycarbosilane, comprises the following steps: enabling a reactant dimethyl dichlorosilane to react with metallic sodium in an organic solvent to prepare polysilane, removing the solvent, reacting with residual metallic sodium by using alcohol, directly feeding into a cracking kettle to prepare low-molecular weight liquid state cyclic polysilane, and finally preparing polycarbosilane from the liquid state cyclic polysilane. The method has the advantages that the processes of washing and drying the polysilane for a plurality of times, which are long in time-consuming and capable of producing industrial wastewater, are avoided in an existing process route of producing the polycarbosilane; meanwhile, the solvent and the alcohol adsorbed in the polysilane can be subjected to secondary recycling in the process of preparing the liquid state polysilane. The pilot scale test data shows that compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the production period is saved by 30-50%, the solvent recycling rate is increased by 10-20%, the industrial wastewater containing a benzene organic solvent cannot be produced, the working environment is purified, and the reaction residue is fluffy solid residue, and can be easily cleaned from a reaction still.