Flame-retardant graphene and polyurethane composite foam material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a flame-retardant graphene and polyurethane composite foam material. The material is prepared from, by mass, 10-30% of polyether polyol, 10-30% of polyester polyol, 40-50% ofisocyanate, 2-8% of a foaming agent, 0.5-5% of a foaming catalyst, 4-8% of a graphene-inorganic salt flame retardant and 1-4% of a foam stabilizer. The invention also discloses a preparation method ofthe material. The material of the invention has the advantages of good flame retarding effect, good mechanical properties, safety, non-toxicity, low cost and simple preparation process, and can meetlarge-batch production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of material technology, in particular to a flame-retardant graphene polyurethane composite foam material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] my country's polyurethane industry started relatively late. Until 1958, after the domestic research on p-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), the polyurethane industry developed rapidly. During the period from 2010 to 2016, the output value of domestic polyurethane has been rising all the way, with an annual increase of about 9%, indicating that polyurethane has gradually occupied a major position in my country's daily necessities, industry, construction and transportation, and defense industry. Since 2013-2017, the production growth rate of rigid polyurethane foam is about 9.6%, and it will be about 3 million tons in 2018. [0003] Rigid polyurethane foam has excellent characteristics such as good heat insulation, low density, high specific strength, insulati...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] Rigid polyurethane foam has excellent characteristics such as good heat insulation, low density, high specific strength, insulation, sound insulation, heat resistance, cold resistance, and solvent resistance, but rigid polyurethane foam has a porous structure, and its molecular chain contains a large amount of carbon, Hydrogen, easily ignited and combustible

At the same time, its low-density and high-porosity structure will greatly accelerate heat loss and combustion speed, causing a large amount of toxic fumes such as HCN and CO to be generated during the combustion process, which can easily cause suffocation and death

Adding a flame retardant is the easiest way to improve the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams. For example, adding decabromodiphenyl ether to prepare low-density flame-retardant polyurethane rigid foams in patent CN 107868217 A, although it can give polyurethane foams good Flame retardant performance, but poor compatibility with the matrix, the addition will lead to deterioration of the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam, and the problem of flame retardant migration; such as patent CN 108976773A, aluminum powder is used as a flame retardant to prepare flame retardant Polyurethane foam plastics and patent CN 107778429A Lieutenant General Al 2 (OH) 3 , dimethyl methyl phosphate and trichloroethyl phosphate are used as flame retardants to prepare flame retardant polyurethane foam plastics. Although metals and metal oxides have good flame retardant effects, the addition of metals, metal oxides and other flame retardants Finally, the viscosity of the polyurethane foam raw material will increase, resulting in uneven foaming, and the structure of the prepared polyurethane foam is defective. At the same time, the apparent density of the polyurethane foam will increase, and the self-weight of the polyurethane foam will increase. These problems will affect the polyurethane foam. application

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