Use of nitrogen compounds quaternised with alkylene oxide and hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid as additives in fuels and lubricants

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Description

[0001]The present invention relates to the use of nitrogen compounds quaternized in a specific manner as a fuel additive and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reducing the level of or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.STATE OF THE ART[0002]In direct injection diesel engines, the fuel is injected and distributed ultrafinely (nebulized) by a multihole injection nozzle which reaches directly into the combustion chamber of the engine, instead of being introduced into a prechamber or swirl chamb...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides an additive that can be used as a fuel additive in any fuels, particularly middle distillate fuels like diesel. This additive has various beneficial effects on the operation of internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines. The preferred content of the additive in the fuel is between 10 to 5000 ppm by weight. The middle distillate fuels can be mineral oil raffinates, diesel fuels obtained by refining or through gasification or liquefaction, or mixtures of these fuels with biofuel oils like biodiesel or bioethanol. The quality of the fuels can be determined by specific standards like DIN 51603 or EN 590. The use of this additive in these fuels can improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance engine performance.

Problems solved by technology

Moreover, these engines achieve a very high torque even at low speeds.

In modern common rail diesel engines, under particular conditions, for example when biodiesel-containing fuels or fuels with metal impurities such as zinc compounds, copper compounds, lead compounds and other metal compounds are used, deposits can form on the injector orifices, which adversely affect the injection performance of the fuel and hence impair the performance of the engine, i.e. especially reduce the power, but in some cases also worsen the combustion.

In the injection systems of modern diesel engines, deposits cause significant performance problems.

It is common knowledge that such deposits in the spray channels can lead to a decrease in the fuel flow and hence to power loss.

Deposits at the injector tip, in contrast, impair the optimal formation of fuel spray mist and, as a result, cause worsened combustion and associated higher emissions and increased fuel consumption.

In contrast to these conventional “external” deposition phenomena, “internal” deposits (referred to collectively as internal diesel injector deposits (IDID)) in particular parts of the injectors, such as at the nozzle needle, at the control piston, at the valve piston, at the valve seat, in the control unit and in the guides of these components, also increasingly cause performance problems.

Conventional additives exhibit inadequate action against these IDIDs.

However, use in fuels, more particularly diesel fuels, is not proposed therein.

The quaternizing agents used with preference in WO 2006 / 135881, however, have serious disadvantages such as: toxicity or carcinogenicity (for example in the case of dimethyl sulfate and benzyl halides), no residue-free combustion (for example in the case of dimethyl sulfate and alkyl halides), and inadequate reactivity which leads to incomplete quaternization or uneconomic reaction conditions (long reaction times, high reaction temperatures, excess of quaternizing agent; for example in the case of dimethyl carbonate).

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