The invention relates to an image based repeated data deletion method and apparatus. The method provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining a pixel matrix of a to-be-stored image; according to the pixel matrix, segmenting the to-be-stored image to obtain image blocks, and obtaining weak block fingerprints of the image blocks; judging whether weak reference fingerprints as same as the weak block fingerprints exist in a fingerprint library or not, and when the weak reference fingerprints as same as the weak block fingerprints exist in the fingerprint library, obtaining the weak reference fingerprints; according to the weak reference fingerprints, obtaining first reference image blocks from an image library; according to the first reference image blocks, compressing the image blocks to obtain compressed image blocks, and storing the compressed image blocks; and when the weak reference fingerprints as same as the weak block fingerprints do not exist in the fingerprint library, storing the weak block fingerprints as new weak reference fingerprints in the fingerprint library, and storing the image blocks in the image library. According to the image based repeated data deletion method and apparatus provided by the invention, the deletion rate of repeated data of the image is increased, the reduction ratio of the image is increased, and the storage, transmission and processing speeds of the image are increased.