The invention belongs to the technical field of refined orchard management, and particularly relates to an orchard planting digital mapping management method based on fruit tree coding, which comprises the following steps of S1, acquiring orchard image information, and splicing the acquired orchard images into a large image, S2, carrying out crown recognition on the spliced image, and recognizingand extracting all fruit trees of the image, S3, calculating the actual geographic coordinate position of the fruit tree by calculating the coordinate position of the fruit tree in the image and the actual coordinate of the image reference point in the geographic information system, S4, embedding the image of which the actual geographic coordinate position is identified into a map to make an orchard planting digital map, an dS5, giving codes to the fruit trees on the orchard planting digital map. According to the method, the number of fruit trees, geographic positions, historical farming activities and the like of a certain land parcel can be quickly counted on the map, so that a farm manager can directly view the whole orchard from the map, and yield estimation, cost control and fine management of the orchard are realized.