The invention relates to a quantitative self-destruction syringe, and belongs to the field of sterile medical instruments. The quantitative self-destruction syringe comprises an outer sleeve, a core rod and a piston, and a pull-back ring and a check ring are sequentially arranged on the core rod; a quantitative self-destruction clamping seat is arranged at the opening end of the outer sleeve, an elastic sleeve piece is arranged in the quantitative self-destruction clamping seat, a quantitative boss is arranged on the inner wall of the quantitative self-destruction clamping seat in an outward protruding mode, and the elastic sleeve piece is arranged outside the core rod in a sleeving mode; the elastic sleeve comprises a sleeve body, an elastic buckle arranged around the central axis is arranged at the front end of the sleeve body, a hollow positioning boss is arranged at the rear end of the sleeve body, a quantitative clamping groove is inwards formed in the outer surface of the positioning boss, and the quantitative clamping groove and the quantitative boss are arranged in a matched mode; a pull-back ring is arranged at the front end of the core rod, and a check ring is arranged in the middle of the core rod. According to the self-destruction syringe, liquid can be quantitatively sucked, self-destruction is completed after injection, the self-destruction state is stable, safe and reliable, bubbles are not increased in the suction process, secondary exhaust is not needed, the workload of medical staff is reduced, infection is reduced, and use is safer.