The application discloses an astronomical
satellite opportunity target observation automatic uplink
system based on a Beidou short message, which comprises an opportunity target observation application receiving and automatic scientific plan making module, an opportunity target observation application receiving module, a scientific observation plan generating module, and an observation constraint checking module; a
payload work plan making module based on a message trigger, a
payload control plan generating module, a
satellite usage constraint rule verifying module, a Beidou uplink state available adding module, an opportunity target observation instruction
processing module, a
payload control plan acquiring and
processing module, an opportunity target observation instruction generating module, a plan and parameter legality verifying module, and a payload control instruction generating module; and a Beidou short message opportunity target observation instruction sending and control module, which is used for realizing accurate sending of the opportunity target observation instruction in the form of a Beidou short message through an interactive interpretation strategy and a three-level resending strategy.