The invention relates to a plant growth chamber based on artificial intelligence technique and a control system thereof. The control system comprises an environmental parameter sensor, an environmental parameter transmitter, an artificial intelligence debugging device, an environment control driver and an environment control actuator, wherein a signal input terminal of the environmental parameter transmitter is connected with the environmental parameter sensor while an output terminal is connected with a signal input terminal of the artificial intelligence debugging device, the artificial intelligence debugging device configures the environmental conditions of the plant growth chamber through an expert system and according to plant types and experimental conditions, the environment control driver drives to starting or stopping devices in the environment control actuator, and the environment control actuator controls the environmental parameters to achieve target setting values. A framework, an upper cover mounted on the top of the framework, and a growth chamber body supported by the framework are detachably assembled. The plant growth chamber based on artificial intelligence technique and the control system thereof are capable of simulating different climates, provides favorable conditions for further study of influence law of physiological ecology caused by different environmental factors and compositions thereof, and has the advantages of large capacity, long service life and the like.