The invention discloses an OLAP (on-line analytical processing) data storage and query method based on Hadoop. For the data storage, firstly, a new column file storage format HCFile (Hadoop column file) is defined, and then, a datasheet storage method based on the HCFile is given. In the scheme, when a column of data is read, only a plurality of HCFile needs to be read, the visit to other columns of data is not needed, and the I/O (input/output) efficiency is greatly improved than that of the storage according to lines; and meanwhile, when one column of data is added, only new files need to be added, and the extension is very easy. For the aggregation computation, firstly, the data index based on the inverted structure is created, then, MapReduce is utilized for realizing the basic aggregation computation of the OLAP, the basic aggregation computation comprises summation, maximum/minimum value computation, counting and the like, other aggregation computation can be realized by the basic aggregation computation, and the aggregation computation performance is obviously improved through the efficient data index. Compared with the prior art, the OLAP data storage and query method has the advantages that the data storage and query efficiency is effectively improved, in addition, hardware resources are saved, the time and the hardware cost are reduced, and meanwhile, the application is more convenient and flexible.